<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0301-7036</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Problemas del desarrollo]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Prob. Des]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0301-7036</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Investigaciones Económicas]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0301-70362025000300085</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22201/iiec.20078951e.2025.222.70316</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Ecosistemas de innovación: segmentación y análisis de los países de la OCDE]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Innovation ecosystems: segmentation and analysis of OECD countries]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reyes Ayala]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Leonardo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Calderón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Karina Guadalupe]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morales Sáenz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Francisco Isaí]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>56</volume>
<numero>222</numero>
<fpage>85</fpage>
<lpage>114</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0301-70362025000300085&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0301-70362025000300085&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0301-70362025000300085&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen El presente estudio examina los patrones de innovación entre países miem bros de la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económicos (OCDE) utilizando datos del Índice Global de Innovación 2023. Se contribuye al campo empleando la aplicación de un análisis factorial exploratorio combinado con análisis de clústeres jerárquicos con el método de Ward, proporcionando una taxonomía fundamentada de los ecosistemas de innovación en economías desarrolladas. A diferencia de estudios previos, este trabajo usa reducción dimensional y clústeres para tipificar capacidades innovadoras, mediante una tipología de tres dimensiones clave y tres clústeres distintivos de países. Los resultados revelaron patrones diferenciados de capacidades innovadoras entre los países, destacando la importancia del entorno institucional, la infraestructura, y la sostenibilidad en el desempeño innovador.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract This study examines innovation patterns among Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) member countries using data from the 2023 Global Innovation Index. It contributes to the field by applying exploratory factor analysis combined with hierarchical cluster analysis using Ward&#8217;s method, which provides an informed taxonomy of innovative ecosystems in developed economies. Unlike previous studies, this paper uses dimensional reduction and clusters to categorize innovative capabilities using a three-dimensional typology and three distinctive country clusters. The results revealed differentiated patterns of innovative capabilities among countries, emphasizing the importance of the institutional environment, infrastructure and sustainability in innovative performance.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ecosistemas de innovación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[análisis clúster]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[capacidad de innovación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[países OCDE]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[tipología de innovación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[ecosystems]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[cluster analysis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[innovative capabilities]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[OECD countries]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[innovation typology]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Al-Sudairi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bakry]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Knowledge issues in the global innovation index: Assessment of the state of Saudi Arabia versus countries with distinct development]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Innovation-Management Policy &amp; Practice]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bartlett]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Tests of significance in factor analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[British Journal of Statistical Psychology]]></source>
<year>1950</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bate]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wachira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Danka]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The determinants of innovation performance: An income-based cross-country comparative analysis using the Global Innovation Index (GII)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bodin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ö.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Collaborative environmental governance: achieving collective action in social-ecological systems]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Science]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>357</volume>
<numero>6352</numero>
<issue>6352</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chesbrough]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and Profiting from Technology]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Harvard Business School Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Coutinho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Au-Yong-Oliveira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Factors influencing innovation performance in Portugal: A cross-country comparative analysis based on the Global Innovation Index and on the European Innovation Scoreboard]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Sustainability]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>15</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cui]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z. Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Does industry-university-research cooperation matter? An analysis of its coupling effect on regional innovation and economic development]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Chinese Geographical Science]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>32</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Drucker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Post-Capitalist Society]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Harper Business]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Edquist]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Systems of innovation: Perspectives and challenges]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fagerberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mowery]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nelson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Oxford Handbook of Innovation]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<page-range>181-208</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Oxford University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Field]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[SAGE Publications]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Freeman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Technology and economic performance: Lessons from Japan]]></source>
<year>1987</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Pinter Publishers]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Giraldo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ziritt-Trejo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Campecano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Innovative capacity in the department of la Guajira-Colombia. Inputs for an innovation public policy]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Jurídicas CUC]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hair]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Black]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Babin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Anderson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tatham]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Multivariate data analysis]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<edition>5</edition>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Prentice Hall]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hair]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Anderson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tatham]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Black]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Análisis Multivariante]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<edition>5</edition>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Prentice Hall]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hair]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Anderson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tatham]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Black]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Análisis Multivariante]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<edition>6</edition>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Prentice Hall]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hall]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Soskice]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Varieties of capitalism: The institutional foundations of comparative advantage]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Oxford University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Resources, innovation, globalization, and green growth: The BRICS financial development strategy]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Geoscience Frontiers]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K. X.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Innovation ecosystems and national talent competitiveness: A country-based comparison using fsQCA]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Technological Forecasting and Social Change]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>194</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jaffe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Trajtenberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Henderson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Geographic localization of knowledge spillovers as evidenced by patent citations]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Quarterly Journal of Economics]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<volume>108</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kaiser]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The application of electronic computers to factor analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Educational and Psychological Measurement]]></source>
<year>1960</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Technological regimes, catching-up and leapfrogging: findings from the Korean industries]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Research Policy]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Qin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X. Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Creative destruction, human capital accumulation, and growth in a digital economy]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Macroeconomic Dynamics]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<page-range>1-25</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lundvall]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[National Systems of Innovation: Towards a theory of innovation and interactive learning]]></source>
<year>1992</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Pinter Publishers]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lundvall]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[National innovation systems-analytical framework]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Industrial and Corporate Change]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Markard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The life cycle of technological innovation systems]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Technological Forecasting and Social Change]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>153</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moore]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Predators and prey: a new ecology of competition]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Harvard Business Review]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<volume>71</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Murtagh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Legendre]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ward&#8217;s hierarchical agglomerative clustering method: Which algorithms implement ward&#8217;s criterion?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Classification]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>31</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nakano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[dos Santos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de Brito]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Szmuszkowicz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pereira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Entrepreneurship, innovation, and local economic development: direct relationships?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[RISUS - Journal on Innovation and Sustainability]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nelson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[National Innovation Systems: A comparative analysis]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Oxford University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[North]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Institutions, institutional change and economic performance]]></source>
<year>1990</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cambridge University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Polyakov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. V.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Differentiation of innovation ecosystems of the countries being the Global Innovation Index leaders in the global competitive context]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Economic Innovations]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramadhan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Awalluddin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cahyandari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Multivariable panel data cluster analysis using Ward Method: Gross Enrollment Ratio (GER) Data in West Java in the year 2015-2018]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ International Conference on Science and Engineering]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc> </conf-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quintero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Capacidades de innovación empresarial en América Latina. Revisión de la literatura]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ciencias Administrativas]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rogers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Diffusion of Innovations]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<edition>5</edition>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Free Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Romer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Endogenous technological change]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Political Economy]]></source>
<year>1990</year>
<volume>98</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>S71-S102</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rossi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mardini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kyriakidou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Festa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The impact of corporate performance on innovation management: Empirical evidence from emerging Asian economies]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of International Management]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schumpeter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy]]></source>
<year>1942</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Harper y Brothers]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Serrano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Desarrollo tecnológico y brecha tecnológica entre países de América Latina]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ánfora]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<numero>36</numero>
<issue>36</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sohn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jeon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Re-evaluation of global innovation index based on a structural equation model]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Technology Analysis y Strategic Management]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Toro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ocampo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vergara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Transfer models and commercialization strategies of technologies in Colombian universities]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[TECHNO REVIEW. International Technology, Science and Society Review /Revista Internacional de Tecnología, Ciencia y Sociedad]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ward]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Hierarchical grouping to optimize an objective function]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of the American Statistical Association]]></source>
<year>1963</year>
<volume>58</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
