<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0301-7036</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Problemas del desarrollo]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Prob. Des]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0301-7036</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Investigaciones Económicas]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0301-70362024000100035</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22201/iiec.20078951e.2024.216.70068</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Los efectos de la corrupción en la innovación y el crecimiento en México]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The effects of corruption oninnovation and growth in Mexico]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alarcón Osuna]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Moisés Alejandro]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Guadalajara  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>55</volume>
<numero>216</numero>
<fpage>35</fpage>
<lpage>66</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0301-70362024000100035&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0301-70362024000100035&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0301-70362024000100035&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: En la presente investigación se revisan las hipótesis Grease the Wheels (GTW) y Sand the Wheels (STW), de los efectos de la corrupción sobre la innovación y el crecimiento económico. El trabajo se llevó a cabo mediante metodologías de análisis de componentes principales, y con modelos de ecuaciones estructurales. Con el primero se concluye que ambas hipótesis podrían cumplirse, pero sólo para algunas entidades federativas del país. Mientras que, con las ecuaciones estructurales se concluye que la corrupción facilita la actividad innovadora y el crecimiento económico (GTW). Esto tiene implicaciones al demostrarse que no necesariamente mayores presupuestos en ciencia y tecnología llevan a mejores resultados en esta materia.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract: This research reviews the Grease the Wheels (GTW) and Sand the Wheels (STW) hypotheses and the effects of corruption on innovation and economic growth. The study used principal component analysis methodologies and structural equation modeling. Employing the former, it is concluded that both hypotheses could be fulfilled, but only for some of the country&#8217;s federal states. Meanwhile, in the case of structural equations, it is concluded that corruption facilitates innovative activity and economic growth (GTW). This has implications since it is shown that higher budgets for science and technology do not necessarily lead to better results in this field.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[corrupción]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[innovación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[crecimiento económico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[componentes principales]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ecuaciones estructurales]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[O1]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[O3]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[O4]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[L2]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[corruption]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[innovation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[economic growth]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[principal components]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[structural equations]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[O1]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[O3]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[O4]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[L2]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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