<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0301-7036</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Problemas del desarrollo]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Prob. Des]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0301-7036</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Investigaciones Económicas]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0301-70362023000200131</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22201/iiec.20078951e.2023.213.69965</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Political empowerment of women and Human Development Index in the States of Mexico]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Empoderamiento político de las mujeres y el Índice de Desarrollo Humano en los estados de México]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Briano-Turrent]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Guadalupe del Carmen]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí Facultad de Contaduría y Administración ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>54</volume>
<numero>213</numero>
<fpage>131</fpage>
<lpage>160</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0301-70362023000200131&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0301-70362023000200131&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0301-70362023000200131&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Based on the critical mass theory, this article analyzes the effect of political empowerment of women in legislatures and mayoralties of the federal states of Mexico over the Sub-national Human Development Index [SHDI]. Using a balanced panel data composed by 352 observations during the 2010-2020 period, the results show that the critical mass of 30% of women in State legislatures increases health and education sub-indexes. Similarly, the critical mass of 20% of women as majors has a favorable impact on the SHDI and their standard of living and education components. These results highlight that political empowerment of women enhance economic and social development in the context of an emerging country and make a call to legislators in gender issues.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Basado en la teoría de la masa crítica, este artículo analiza el efecto del empoderamiento de las mujeres en legislaturas y alcaldías en Subíndice de Desarrollo Humano (SDH) de los estados de México. Usando un panel balanceado compuesto por 352 observaciones durante el periodo 2010-2020, los resultados muestran que la masa crítica de 30% de mujeres en las legislaturas de los estados incrementa los subíndices de salud y educación. De manera similar, la masa crítica de 20% de mujeres como alcaldes tiene un impacto favorable en el SHD y en sus componentes de nivel de vida y educación. Estos resultados destacan que el empoderamiento político de las mujeres mejora el desarrollo económico y social en el contexto de una economía emergente y hacen un llamado a los legisladores en temas de género.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[political empowerment of women]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[human development]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[critical mass theory]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[sustainability]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Mexico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[empoderamiento político de las mujeres]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[desarrollo humano]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[teoría de la masa crítica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[sustentabilidad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[México]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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