<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0301-7036</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Problemas del desarrollo]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Prob. Des]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0301-7036</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Investigaciones Económicas]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0301-70362021000400079</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22201/iiec.20078951e.2021.207.69726</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Escuelas efectivas: el caso de la educación básica de Ecuador]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Effective schools: basic education in Ecuador]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meneses]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Karla]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yánez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Andrea]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[León]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jennyfer]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aguirre]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Kamila]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de las Américas  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Programa Estado de la Nación Costa Rica  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Costa Rica</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>52</volume>
<numero>207</numero>
<fpage>79</fpage>
<lpage>106</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0301-70362021000400079&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0301-70362021000400079&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0301-70362021000400079&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen El presente artículo explora cómo un centro de aprendizaje efectivo sirve para impulsar el logro educativo, más allá de las condiciones socioeconómicas y características propias de los alumnos. Se empleó un modelo multinivel con resultados del Tercer Estudio Regional Comparativo y Explicativo (TERCE) para estudiantes ecuatorianos en lectura y matemáticas. Los resultados revelaron que entre 31 y 52% de la variación en los puntajes en estas pruebas se explican por las diferencias entre escuelas, reforzando así la importancia del efecto compensador de los centros educativos para equiparar las oportunidades de la población.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract This article examines how effective education institutions improve educational achievement, regardless of students' socioeconomic backgrounds. The paper utilizes a multilevel model using data from the Third Regional Comparative and Explanatory Study (TERCE) for Ecuadorian students in reading and mathematics. Findings show that between 31 and 52% of the variation in test results is due to differences between schools, thus underlining the importance of the compensatory effect of schools in promoting equality of opportunity.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[rendimiento académico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[matemáticas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[lectura]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[escuela efectiva]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[nivel socioeconómico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[121]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[128]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[131]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[academic achievement]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[mathematics]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[reading]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[effective school]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[socioeconomic level]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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