0301-7036 0301-7036 S0301-70362021000300143 10.22201/iiec.20078951e.2021.206.69627 USA 00 09 2021 00 09 2021 52 206 143 167

2009 2 2 2013 1 2 2 2002 1981 76 76 2010 34 34 1991 58 2 2 1995 68 1 1 1989 23 2 2 1991 106 2 2 2004 2015 49 1 1 2007 15 2 2 2016 40 9 9 2018 30 30 1998 87 87 1993 32 3 3 2013 25 3 3 2009 9 2 2 2005 27 7 7 2009 105 1 1 2011 93 2 2 2004 36 15 15 2006 12 3 3 2013 99 6 6 2017 42 2002 2013 81 28 28 2018 8 8 1978 33 3 3 2019 44 2 2 2000 2004 11 11 1980 4 4 4 2017 116 116 2003 International Monetary Fund 2019 International Telecommunication Union 1993 1995 110 4 4 2016 2015 4 4 2004 42 3 3 2018 174 174 1984 32 2 2 1992 82 82 2014 110 110 2018 172 172 2014 II 3 3 2012 1 4 4 2009 5 5 1971 39 2 2 1992 41 1 1 1962 7 7 2013 2 1 1 2018 55 2 2 2015 29 20 20 2018 30 1 1 2017 7 7 2018 8 8 1996 2001 91 4 4 1997 87 2 2 2019 40 40 2014 38 38 The World Bank Group 2018 The World Bank Group 2019 The World Bank Group 2019 2013 2 2 2013 16 3 3 Watania 2012 World Development Indicators 2014 2005 126 1 1 2012 3 7 7 2014 125 125