<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0301-7036</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Problemas del desarrollo]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Prob. Des]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0301-7036</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Investigaciones Económicas]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0301-70362020000100049</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22201/iiec.20078951e.2020.200.68317</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Fragmentación productiva e integración económica en América del Norte: fuerzas centrífugas y centrípetas]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Fragmentation of production and economic integration in North America: centrifugal and centripetal forces]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodil Marzábal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Óscar]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López Arévalo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jorge Alberto]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade de Santiago de Compostela  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Spain</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>51</volume>
<numero>200</numero>
<fpage>49</fpage>
<lpage>75</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0301-70362020000100049&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0301-70362020000100049&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0301-70362020000100049&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen La fragmentación productiva internacional y la integración económica son dos motores del cambio estructural que caracterizan a la economía mundial desde hace décadas. Sin embargo, el interés por analizar ambos procesos en conjunto se ha visto reforzado recientemente por el giro neoproteccionista de la política comercial y económica de Estados Unidos. Este trabajo aborda las relaciones comerciales y productivas de México, Estados Unidos y Canadá, mostrando cómo las cadenas globales de valor (CGV) en las que participan ocultan tendencias globales (fuerzas centrífugas) y contratendencias regionales (fuerzas centrípetas) que provocan cambios en la geografía y en la composición de los encadenamientos productivos, con un resultado reestructurador y en cierta medida desintegrador del bloque regional.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract International fragmentation of production and economic integration are two structural motors of change that have characterized the global economy for decades. However, an interest in analyzing these two processes together has recently intensified due to the neo-protectionist turn in trade and economic policy in the United States. This paper examines trade and productive relations between Mexico, the United States and Canada, demonstrating how the global value chains (GVCS) in which they participate obscure global tendencies (centrifugal forces) and regional counter-tendencies (centripetal forces) that provoke changes in the geography and composition of productive linkages. These processes have the result of restructuring, and to a certain extent disintegrating, the regional bloc.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[fragmentación productiva]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[integración económica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[cadenas globales de valor]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[comercio exterior]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[T-MEC]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[F14]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[F15]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[F55]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[F62]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[productive fragmentation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[economic integration]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[global value chains]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[foreign trade]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[CUSMA]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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