<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0301-7036</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Problemas del desarrollo]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Prob. Des]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0301-7036</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Investigaciones Económicas]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0301-70362017000400083</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Sector externo, restricciones y crecimiento económico en Ecuador]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="fr"><![CDATA[Secteur extérieur, restrictions et croissance économique en Équateur]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Setor externo, restrições e crescimento econômico no Equador]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="zh"><![CDATA[&#21380;&#29916;&#22810;&#23572;&#22806;&#36152;&#37096;&#38376;&#12289;&#32463;&#27982;&#22686;&#38271;&#19982;&#32422;&#26463;]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The External Sector, Restrictions, and Economic Growth in Ecuador]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alvarado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rafael]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Iglesias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Stefany]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional de Loja  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>48</volume>
<numero>191</numero>
<fpage>83</fpage>
<lpage>106</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0301-70362017000400083&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0301-70362017000400083&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0301-70362017000400083&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen La presente investigación examina la restricción que impone el sector externo al crecimiento de Ecuador, durante el periodo 1980-2015, utilizando técnicas de cointegración. Los resultados son consistentes con el marco teórico utilizado, y culminan que el sector externo restringe el crecimiento de este país. En el periodo analizado, se detectó que Ecuador tiene una elevada propensión marginal a importar: cuando el ingreso nacional aumenta en 1% las importaciones crecen en 1.57%. Además, se muestra que las exportaciones tienen una fuerte relación a corto y largo plazo con el ingreso externo. Una implicación de política derivada de esta investigación es que el fortalecimiento de la demanda interna y la diversificación del destino de las exportaciones son mecanismos para fortalecer el crecimiento económico de países en desarrollo.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="fr"><p><![CDATA[Résumé Cette recherche examine la contrainte imposée à la croissance de l&#8217;Équateur par le secteur extérieur pendant la période 1980-2015 en utilisant des techniques de co-intégration. Les résultats, cohérents avec le cadre théorique utilisé, concluent que le secteur extérieur limite la croissance du pays. Dans la période analysée, on constate que l&#8217;Équateur a une forte propension à importer: lorsque le revenu national augmente de 1%, les importations augmentent de 1,57%. De plus, on démontre que les exportations ont une forte relation à court terme et à long terme avec les revenus étrangers. Une implication politique tirée de cette recherche est que le renforcement de la demande intérieure et la diversification de la destination des exportations sont des mécanismes pour renforcer la croissance économique des pays en développement.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo Esta pesquisa examina a restrição imposta pelo setor externo ao crescimento do Equador durante o período 1980-2015 usando técnicas de cointegração. Os resultados são consistentes com o quadro teórico utilizado, e culminam que o setor externo restringe o crescimento desse país. No período analisado, descobrimos que o Equador tem uma alta propensão marginal a importar: quando a renda nacional aumenta em 1%, as importações aumentam 1,57%. Além disso, é demostrado que as exportações têm uma forte relação de curto e longo prazos com a renda estrangeira. Uma implicação política derivada dessa pesquisa é que o fortalecimento da demanda interna e a diversificação do destino das exportações são mecanismos para fortalecer o crescimento econômico dos países em desenvolvimento.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="zh"><p><![CDATA[&#31616;&#20171; &#26412;&#25991;&#36890;&#36807;&#21327;&#25972;&#20998;&#26512;&#26041;&#27861;&#65292;&#25506;&#35752;&#20102;&#21380;&#29916;&#22810;&#23572;1980-2015&#24180;&#26399;&#38388;&#65292;&#22806;&#36152;&#37096;&#38376;&#23545;&#32463;&#27982;&#22686;&#38271;&#30340;&#32422;&#26463;&#65292;&#24182;&#21457;&#29616;&#20854;&#32467;&#26524;&#19982;&#29702;&#35770;&#25551;&#36848;&#22522;&#26412;&#19968;&#33268;&#65292;&#20174;&#32780;&#35777;&#23454;&#20102;&#22806;&#36152;&#37096;&#38376;&#23545;&#32463;&#27982;&#22686;&#38271;&#30340;&#32422;&#26463;&#20316;&#29992;&#12290;&#22312;&#30740;&#31350;&#30340;&#26102;&#38388;&#27573;&#37324;&#65292;&#25105;&#20204;&#21457;&#29616;&#21380;&#29916;&#22810;&#23572;&#30340;&#36827;&#21475;&#36793;&#38469;&#20542;&#21521;&#24456;&#39640;&#65306;&#22269;&#20869;&#25910;&#20837;&#27599;&#22686;&#21152;1%&#65292;&#23601;&#20250;&#23548;&#33268;&#36827;&#21475;&#25552;&#39640;1.57%&#12290;&#21516;&#26102;&#26174;&#31034;&#20986;&#65292;&#19981;&#31649;&#26159;&#30701;&#26399;&#36824;&#26159;&#38271;&#26399;&#65292;&#20986;&#21475;&#21017;&#19982;&#22806;&#37096;&#25910;&#20837;&#23494;&#20999;&#30456;&#20851;&#12290;&#22240;&#27492;&#65292;&#20174;&#35813;&#30740;&#31350;&#24471;&#21040;&#19968;&#20010;&#25919;&#31574;&#24615;&#21551;&#31034;&#65292;&#21363;&#25552;&#39640;&#22269;&#20869;&#38656;&#27714;&#21644;&#20986;&#21475;&#22810;&#20803;&#21270;&#26159;&#20419;&#36827;&#21457;&#23637;&#20013;&#22269;&#23478;&#32463;&#27982;&#22686;&#38271;&#30340;&#36884;&#24452;&#12290;]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract This research examines the constraint imposed by the external sector on growth in Ecuador in the time period 1980-2015 using cointegration techniques. The results are consistent with the theoretical framework used and conclude that the external sector does indeed hinder Ecuadorian growth. In the timespan analyzed, we found that Ecuador exhibits an elevated marginal propensity to import: when national income rises 1%, imports go up by 1.57%. Moreover, we show that exports are dosely related in the short and long term with external income. One policy implication derived from this research is that two mechanisms to shore up economic growth in developing countries could involve bolstering domestic demand and diversifying export destinations.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[sector externo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[crecimiento económico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Ecuador]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="fr"><![CDATA[Secteur extérieur]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="fr"><![CDATA[Croissance Économique]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="fr"><![CDATA[Équateur]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[setor externo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[crescimento econômico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Equador]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="zh"><![CDATA[&#22806;&#36152;&#37096;&#38376;]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="zh"><![CDATA[&#32463;&#27982;&#22686;&#38271;]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="zh"><![CDATA[&#21380;&#29916;&#22810;&#23572;]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[C22]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[F43]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[F32]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[External sector]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[economic growth]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Ecuador]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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