<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0300-9041</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Ginecología y obstetricia de México]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Ginecol. obstet. Méx.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0300-9041</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Federación Mexicana de Colegios de Obstetricia y Ginecología A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0300-90412022000100006</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24245/gom.v90i1.5754</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Espina bífida abierta. Diagnóstico, pronóstico y opciones de corrección intrauterina por cirugía fetal abierta y fetoscópica]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Open spina bifida. Diagnosis, prognosis and options for intrauterine correction by open and fetoscopic fetal surgery.]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lara-Ávila,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Leticia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez-Rodríguez,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Miguel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Villalobos-Gómez,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rosa]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gámez-Varela,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alma]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aguilar-Avidales,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Karla]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López-Briones,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Hugo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Estudillo-Moreno,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Eduardo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chavelas-Ochoa,]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Felipe]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cruz-Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rogelio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro de Medicina y Cirugía Fetal  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Querétaro]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Hidalgo]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital de Especialidades del Niño y la Mujer Departamento de Neurocirugía pediátrica ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Querétaro]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>90</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>73</fpage>
<lpage>83</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0300-90412022000100006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0300-90412022000100006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0300-90412022000100006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  ANTECEDENTES: La espina bífida abierta es la principal causa de discapacidad infantil; su prevalencia es de 4 a 5 casos por cada 10,000 nacimientos.  OBJETIVO: Describir los métodos diagnósticos, el pronóstico y los desenlaces de las diferentes técnicas de cirugía fetal reportadas para corrección intrauterina de la espina bífida abierta.  METODOLOGÍA: Estudio retrospectivo de búsqueda en PubMed, Embase, Scope, Scielo y Google Scholar de todos los artículos en inglés y español publicados entre enero de 1990 y marzo del 2021 con los MeSH: &#8220;espina bífida&#8221;, &#8220;cirugía fetal&#8221;, &#8220;mielomeningocele", &#8220;spina bifida&#8221;, &#8220;fetal surgery&#8221;, &#8220;myelomeningocele&#8221;. Se eligieron los casos de espina bífida abierta con corrección intrauterina por alguna técnica de cirugía fetal.  RESULTADOS: Se encontraron 694 artículos y se seleccionaron 15 estudios que incluyeron casos de corrección intrauterina de espina bífida abierta y dos tipos de acceso quirúrgico fetal. En comparación con el uso actual de la técnica clásica de cirugía fetal abierta, las técnicas fetoscópicas demuestran menor riesgo de dehiscencia de histerotomía y menos nacimientos por cesárea, aunque mayores tiempos quirúrgicos y más complicaciones. Las técnicas de minihisterotomía y microneurocirugía han demostrado menos complicaciones y menor riesgo de dehiscencia de histerotomía en comparación con la técnica clásica abierta.  CONCLUSIONES: Existen diversas variantes en la técnica quirúrgica para la corrección intrauterina de espina bífida abierta. El desarrollo de una mejor técnica de mínima invasión fetoscópica que demuestre menores riesgos y complicaciones maternas y fetales manteniendo los beneficios neurológicos de la reparación prental es una línea de investigación actual de varios grupos.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  BACKGROUND: Open spina bifida is the leading cause of infant disability; its prevalence is 4 to 5 cases per 10,000 births.  OBJECTIVE: To describe the diagnostic methods, prognosis and outcomes of the different fetal surgical techniques reported for intrauterine correction of open spina bifida.  METHODOLOGY: PubMed, Embase, Scope, Scielo and Google Scholar were searched for all articles in English and Spanish published between January 1990 and March 2021 with the MeSH: "spina bifida", "fetal surgery", "myelomeningocele", "spina bifida", "fetal surgery", "myelomeningocele". Cases of open spina bifida with intrauterine correction by some fetal surgery technique were chosen.  RESULTS: We found 694 articles and selected 15 studies that included cases of intrauterine correction of open spina bifida and two types of fetal surgical access. Compared to the current use of the classical open fetal surgery technique, fetoscopic techniques demonstrate lower risk of hysterotomy dehiscence and fewer cesarean births, although longer operative times and more complications. Minihysterotomy and microneurosurgery techniques have demonstrated fewer complications and lower risk of hysterotomy dehiscence compared to the classic open technique.  CONCLUSIONS: There are several variants in the surgical technique for open intrauterine spina bifida correction. The development of a better minimally invasive fetoscopic technique that demonstrates lower maternal and fetal risks and complications while maintaining the neurological benefits of prental repair is a current line of research by several groups.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Espina bífida abierta]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[prevalencia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[mielomeningocele]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[histerotomía]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[cesárea]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[tiempo operatorio]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[fetoscopia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Open spina bifida]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Prevalence]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Myelomeningocele]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Hysterotomy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Cesarean section]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Operative time]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Fetoscopy]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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