<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0300-9041</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Ginecología y obstetricia de México]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Ginecol. obstet. Méx.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0300-9041</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Federación Mexicana de Colegios de Obstetricia y Ginecología A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0300-90412020000800006</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24245/gom.v88i8.4534</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Las falacias de la p y significación estadística]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The fallacies of P and statical significance]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Niz-Ramos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,aff1  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>88</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<fpage>536</fpage>
<lpage>541</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0300-90412020000800006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0300-90412020000800006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0300-90412020000800006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  ANTECEDENTES:  El valor de p es el método más empleado para estimar la significación estadística de cualquier hallazgo; sin embargo, en los últimos años se ha intensificado su debate al respecto, debido a la baja credibilidad y reproducibilidad de diversos estudios.  OBJETIVO:  Describir el estado actual del concepto del valor de p y la significación estadística (prueba de significación de la hipótesis nula [por sus siglas en inglés: Null Hypothesis Significance Testing: NHST]), especificar los problemas más importantes y puntualizar las soluciones propuestas para la mejor utilización de los conceptos.  METODOLOGÍA:  Se llevó a cabo la búsqueda bibliográfica en MEDLINE y Google Scholar, con los términos: &#8220;NHST&#8221;, &#8220;Statistical significance; P value&#8221; en idioma inglés y español, de 2018-2019, limitándose a la selección de artículos publicados entre 2005 y 2019, mediante la revisión de tipo narrativo con búsqueda manual; sobre todo estudios de metodología.  RESULTADOS:  La búsqueda global reportó 1411 artículos: 875 de PubMed y 536 de Google Scholar. Se excluyeron 817 por duplicación, 155 sin acceso completo y 414 ensayos clínicos (sin metodología estadística); los 25 restantes fueron el motivo del análisis.  CONCLUSIONES:  El concepto del valor de p no es simple, tiene varias falacias y malas interpretaciones que deben considerarse para evitarlas en lo posible. Se recomienda no usar el término &#8220;estadísticamente significativo&#8221; o &#8220;significativo&#8221;, sustituir el umbral de 0.05 por 0.005, informar valores de p precisos y con IC95%, riesgo relativo, razón de momios, tamaño del efecto o potencia y métodos bayesianos.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  BACKGROUND:  The P value is the most widely used method of estimating the statistical significance of any finding, however, in recent years the debate over the P value has been increasingly intensified due to the low credibility and reproducibility of many studies.  OBJECTIVE:  To describe the current state of the concept of the value of P and the statistical significance (Null Hypothesis Significance Testing (NHST), specify the most important problems and point out the solutions proposed in the literature for their best use.  METHODOLOGY:  Search in MEDLINE and Google Scholar, with the terms: &#8220;NHST&#8221;, &#8220;Statistical significance; P value &#8221;in English and Spanish, carried out from 2018-2019, limited to articles published from 2005 to 2019, and a narrative-type review with manual search. Articles on methodology were preferably selected.  RESULTS:  The global search yielded 1411 articles, 875 from PubMed and 536 from Google Scholar. 817 were excluded by duplication, 155 without full access, 414 from clinical trials, without statistical methodology. The 25 selected articles were the reason for the analysis.  CONCLUSIONS:  The concept of the value of P is not simple, and it has several fallacies and misinterpretations that must be taken into account to avoid them as much as possible. Recommendations: Do not use "statistically significant" or "significant", replace the threshold of 0.05 with 0.005, report accurate P values with 95% CI, relative risk, odds ratio, effect size or power, and Bayesian methods.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Valor de p]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[MEDLINE]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[reproducibilidad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[significación estadística]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[riesgo relativo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[razón de momios]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[métodos bayesianos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[P value]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[MEDLINE]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Reproducibility]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Statistical significance]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Relative Risk]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Odds Ratio]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Bayesian Methods]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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