<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0188-9532</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista mexicana de ingeniería biomédica]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. mex. ing. bioméd]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0188-9532</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Mexicana de Ingeniería Biomédica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0188-95322021000200105</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17488/rmib.42.2.6</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Detection of Exudates and Microaneurysms in the Retina by Segmentation in Fundus Images]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Detección de Exudados y Microaneurismas en la Retina por Segmentación en Imágenes de Fondo]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bernal-Catalán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cruz-Gámez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. De la]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Montero-Valverde]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández Reyna]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernandez-Hernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Tecnológico de Acapulco  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Tecnológico de Chilpancingo  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>42</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0188-95322021000200105&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0188-95322021000200105&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0188-95322021000200105&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT This article proposes two methodologies for the detection of lesions in the retina, which may indicate the presence of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Through the use of digital image processing techniques, it is possible to isolate the pixels that correspond to a lesion of RD, to achieve segmenting microaneurysms, the edges of the objects contained in the image are highlighted in order to detect the contours of the objects to select by size those that meet an area of 15 to 25 pixels in the case of 512x512 images and identify the objects as possible microaneurysms, while for the detection of exudates the green channel is selected to contrast the luminous objects in the retinography and from the conversion to gray scale, a histogram is graphed to identify the ideal threshold for the segmentation of the pixels that belong to the exudates at the end of the optical disk previously identified by a specialist. A confusion matrix supervised by an ophthalmologist was created to quantify the results obtained by the two methodologies, obtaining a specificity of 0.94 and a sensitivity of 0.97, values that are outstanding to proceed with the classification stage.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN Este artículo propone dos metodologías para la detección de lesiones en la retina, que pueden significar la presencia de retinopatía diabética (RD). Mediante el uso de técnicas de procesamiento de imágenes digitales se logra aislar los pixeles que corresponden a una lesión propia de RD, para lograr segmentar microaneurismas se resaltan los bordes de los objetos contenido en la imagen con la finalidad de detectar los contornos de los objetos para seleccionar por tamaño los que cumplan con un área de 15 a 25 pixeles en el caso de imágenes de 512x512 y se identifiquen los objetos como posibles microaneurismas, mientras que para la detección de exudados se selecciona el canal verde para contrastar los objetos luminosos en la retinografía y a partir de la conversión a escala de grises se grafica un histograma para identificar el umbral idóneo para la segmentación de los pixeles que pertenecen a los exudados al final eliminar el disco óptico previamente identificado por un especialista. Se creó una matriz de confusión supervisada por un oftalmólogo para cuantificar los resultados obtenidos por las dos metodologías obteniendo una especificidad del 0.94 y una sensibilidad del 0.97, unos valores que son sobresalientes para proceder con la etapa de clasificación.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Diabetic Retinopathy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Exudates]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Microaneurysms]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Image Processing]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Segmentation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Retinopatía Diabética]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Exudados]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Microaneurismas, Procesamiento de imágenes]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Segmentación]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Automated detection of microaneurysms in digital red-free photographs: a diabetic retinopathy screening tool]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Diabet Med]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>588-94</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
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