<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0188-7653</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Perfiles latinoamericanos]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Perf. latinoam.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0188-7653</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales, Sede Académica de México]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0188-76532025000200071</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18504/pl3366-005-2025</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Del poder civil al poder social: el performance populista y la erosión carismática de la esfera civil en Filipinas (2015-2019)]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[From Civil Power to Social Power: Populist Performance and the Charismatic Erosion of the Civil Sphere in the Philippines]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Villegas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Celso M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Kenyon College  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Ohio]]></addr-line>
<country>USA</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>33</volume>
<numero>66</numero>
<fpage>71</fpage>
<lpage>95</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0188-76532025000200071&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0188-76532025000200071&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0188-76532025000200071&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Este artículo profundiza en la teoría de la esfera civil al explicar cómo el &#8220;poder social&#8221; socava su funcionamiento. Tomando como caso de estudio la campaña electoral y la primera mitad de la presidencia de Rodrigo Duterte en Filipinas (2015-2019), se aborda cómo el performance populista tensiona y subvierte la capacidad interpretativa de las instituciones de la esfera civil, en especial el periodismo y el reportaje de investigación. Si bien operan como agentes socializadores de la esfera civil, la prensa y las organizaciones transnacionales de la sociedad civil, inconscientemente, crean las condiciones para que el carisma adquiera relieve. En lugar de socializar, la incredulidad brindó a Duterte el pretexto y el contexto performativos para utilizar las capacidades burocráticas y de fuerza del Estado para satisfacer las expectativas de la prensa y los observadores internacionales. El artículo concluye que las dinámicas internas de las esferas civiles contribuyen a su propio colapso y que tanto el trabajo futuro como la práctica democrática deben estar atentos a estas fuerzas.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract This article further develops civil sphere theory by explaining how &#8220;social power&#8221; undermines the functioning of the civil sphere. Using the election campaign and the first half of Rodrigo Duterte&#8217;s presidency in the Philippines as a case study (2015-2019), it looks at the various ways populist performance strains and subverts the interpretive capacities of civil sphere institutions, especially journalism and investigative reportage. Although they operate as agents of socialization within the civil sphere, the press and transnational civil society organizations unwittingly create the conditions for a display of charisma. Rather than socialization, disbelief provided Duterte with the performative pretext and context to deploy the state&#8217;s bureaucratic and coercive capacities to rise to the incredulous expectations of the press and international observers. The article concludes that internal civil sphere dynamics may contribute to their own collapse, and that both future research and democratic practice must remain attuned to these forces.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Duterte]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[esfera civil]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[populismo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[carisma]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[desempeño]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[poder social]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[poder civil]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[roles de contraataque]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Duterte]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[civil sphere]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[populism]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[charisma]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[performance]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[social power]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[civil power]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[counter-roles]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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