<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0188-7653</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Perfiles latinoamericanos]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Perf. latinoam.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0188-7653</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales, Sede Académica de México]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0188-76532022000200008</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18504/pl3060-008-2022</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[¿Dónde surgen los independientes? Sesgo de participación en las elecciones mexicanas]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Where do independent candidates emerge? Participation bias in the Mexican elections]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Solís Delgadillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Diego]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Borjas García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Hugo Alejandro]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Palomino Santibañez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Emilio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,El Colegio de San Luis  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,El Colegio de San Luis  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>30</volume>
<numero>60</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0188-76532022000200008&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0188-76532022000200008&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0188-76532022000200008&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: Las candidaturas independientes son instrumentos que pueden ampliar los intereses representados, pero conllevan costos que pudieran sesgar esa figura en favor de ciudadanos capaces de asumirlos. Este trabajo analiza el surgimiento de aspirantes a candidaturas independientes en los 300 distritos electorales federales y en la Zona Metropolitana de Guadalajara en ocasión de las elecciones de 2018 en México. El argumento es que los distritos con mayor ingreso con patrones de competencia inestables y actitudes progresistas tienen mayor probabilidad de presentar este tipo de candidaturas. Los hallazgos apuntan a que los independientes son más probables en distritos con mayor nivel educativo y volatilidad.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract: Independent candidacies are instrument that enhance the interests that are represented. Nevertheless, these kinds of candidacies are costly which could bias this instrument in favor of specific sectors. This study analyzes the emergence of independent candidates in the 300 federal electoral districts and in the Metropolitan Area of Guadalajara in the 2018 election. The argument is that independent candidates have a higher probability of emerging in districts with higher income, weak electoral attachments and more progressive views. The findings of this study show that independent candidates have a higher probability in districts with higher education and electoral volatility.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[candidatos independientes]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[participación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[representación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[elecciones]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[México]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Guadalajara]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[independent candidates]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[participation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[representation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[elections]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Mexico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Guadalajara]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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