<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0188-7653</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Perfiles latinoamericanos]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Perf. latinoam.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0188-7653</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales, Sede Académica de México]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0188-76532022000200006</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18504/pl3060-006-2022</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[¿Determinantes de la violencia en las entidades federativas mexicanas? Alternancia partidista y fragmentación criminal como variables explicativas]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Determinants of violence across Mexican states? Partisan turnover and criminal fragmentation as explanatory variables]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Márquez Romo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Cristian]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Salamanca Instituto de Iberoamérica ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Spain</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>30</volume>
<numero>60</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0188-76532022000200006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0188-76532022000200006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0188-76532022000200006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: Algunas entidades federativas en México han alcanzado tasas de homicidios equivalentes a las de los países más violentos, otras las han mantenido cercanas a los más pacíficos. ¿Qué determina esta violencia? Este trabajo atribuye el aumento de la violencia al quiebre de pactos informales y a la fragmentación del crimen organizado a nivel subnacional. A partir de una base de datos original que permite analizar la evolución de la tasa de homicidios de las 32 entidades federativas entre 2000 y 2017, se contrasta la influencia de las variables de interés. Los resultados de modelos de regresión Poisson, binomial negativa y de mínimos cuadrados ordinarios (OLS) sugieren que los niveles de violencia han sido significativamente mayores en entidades en las que, con dos o más alternancias, los grupos criminales han experimentado mayor fragmentación. En las conclusiones se discute la importancia de triangular a partir de distintos abordajes metodológicos, vinculando la literatura sobre los determinantes de la violencia subnacional con el desarrollo de state-sponsored protection rackets.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract: While some Mexican states have reached levels of violence similar to those of the most violent countries, others have maintained levels close to the most peaceful ones. What drives this violence? This paper joins the literature that attributes the increase in violence to the breakdown of informal pacts and the fragmentation of organized crime at the subnational level. Using a novel dataset, we analyze the evolution of violence among Mexican states between 2000 and 2017. The results of Poisson, negative binomial, and ordinary least squares (OLS) regression models suggest that violence levels have been significantly higher in entities that simultaneously experienced higher turnover rates and higher criminal fragmentation levels. We stress the relevance of using different methodological approaches, linking the literature on subnational violence with the development of state-sponsored protection rackets.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[violencia subnacional]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[fragmentación criminal]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[alternancia partidista]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[state-sponsored protection rackets]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[México]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[subnational violence]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[criminal fragmentation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[partisan turnover]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[state-sponsored protection rackets]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Mexico]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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