<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0188-7653</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Perfiles latinoamericanos]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Perf. latinoam.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0188-7653</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales, Sede Académica de México]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0188-76532022000100006</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18504/pl3059-006-2022</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Ideología, desarrollo y políticas de empleo en América Latina]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Ideology, development and employment policies in Latin America]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vidal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Paula]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rodrigo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ansaldo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Manuel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Claudia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Chile  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Chile</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Chile  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Chile</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Núcleo de Estudo de Populações Indígenas  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Brasil</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Chile Depto. de Trabajo Social ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Chile</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>30</volume>
<numero>59</numero>
<fpage>0</fpage>
<lpage>0</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0188-76532022000100006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0188-76532022000100006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0188-76532022000100006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Este artículo indaga la relación entre las ideologías y las políticas activas de empleo considerando tres modelos de desarrollo en América Latina de principios del siglo XXI: neoliberalismo, neodesarrollismo y socialismo bolivariano, a partir de los casos muy poco estudiados en esta clave de Chile, Brasil y Venezuela. Mediante un análisis documental en distintos niveles: Constituciones, planes de gobierno y diseños de políticas de empleo, los resultados revelan que, si bien existen condicionantes globales, los gobiernos cuentan con un margen de maniobra para dar dirección y configurar proyectos históricos específicos. El diseño de las políticas de empleo expresa esa dirección, por lo que no son meros instrumentos técnicos neutros y transferibles de un país a otro.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The present article concerns the investigation of the relationship between ideologies and employment policies of three development models presents in Latin America at the beginning of the 21st century: neoliberalism, neodevelopmentalism and Bolivarian socialism, considering the cases of Chile, Brazil and Venezuela, which are not very studied with this focus. Based on a documentary analysis at different levels (Constitutions, government plans and design of employment policies), the results obtained allow the affirmation of that, although global conditions, governments have a margin of actions that permits the direction and configuration of determined historical projects. The design of employment policies reflects this direction, so they are not mere neutral technical instruments that can be transferred from one country to another.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ideología]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[modelos de desarrollo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[neodesarrollismo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[neoliberalismo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[socialismo bolivariano]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[políticas públicas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[política de empleo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[ideology]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[development models]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[neodevelopmentalism]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[neoliberalism]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Bolivarian socialism]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[public policy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[employment policy]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abramo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cecchini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morales]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Programas sociales, superación de la pobreza e inclusión laboral: aprendizajes desde América Latina y el Caribe]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Santiago ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[CEPAL]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Actis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La estrategia &#8220;híbrida&#8221; de desarrollo del gobierno de Lula: neodesarrollismo heterodoxo]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Temas y Debates]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<numero>22</numero>
<issue>22</issue>
<page-range>115-35</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alaniz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[A política pública de formação para economia solidária no Brasil (2003-2011) análise de um projeto PROESQ/PNQ executado pela Rede Abelha/RN e CFES nacional]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidade de Sao Paulo]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Asenjo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Subsidio al empleo joven en Chile: hacia una evaluación de impacto. Santiago]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Santiago ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Chile]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bachelet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Presidenta Michelle Bachelet: discursos escogidos: contigo mejor país]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Santiago ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Secretaría de Comunicaciones]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bachelet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Presidenta Michelle Bachelet: discursos escogidos: contigo mejor país]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Santiago ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Secretaría de Comunicaciones]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Biles]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Informal work in Latin America: Competing perspectives and recent debates]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Geography Compass]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>214-36</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Blumel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lob]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Piñera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Seebach]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valdés]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Chile Avanza Con Todos: Balance del Gobierno del Presidente Sebastián Piñera Echeñique (2010-2014)]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Santiago ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Gobierno de Chile]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bresser-Pereira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Reflexões sobre o Novo Desenvolvimentismo e o Desenvolvimentismo Clássico]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de Economía Política]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>36</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>237-65</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carcanholo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Neoliberalismo y dependencia contemporánea: alternativas de desarrollo en América Latina]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vidal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Neoliberalismo, neodesarrollismo y socialismo bolivariano. Modelos de desarrollo y políticas públicas en América Latina]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<page-range>33-49</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Santiago de Chile ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ariadna]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carvalho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moreira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A Qualificação Profissional e o desafio da inserção social a partir do PNQ/PLANTEQ-PB]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oliveira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. V.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Dinâmicas atuais do trabalho na Paraíba: leituras sociológicas]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<page-range>179-202</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Campina Grande ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[EDUEPB]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chávez Frías]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Las comunas y los cinco frentes para la construcción del socialismo]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Caracas ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ministerio del Poder Popular para la Comunicación y la Información]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chumacero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Paredes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Centralización, focalización y consecuencias no deseadas: evaluación de los programas de empleo en Chile]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Economía Chilena]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Congleton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bose]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The rise of the modern welfare state, ideology, institutions and income security: analysis and evidence]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Public Choice]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<numero>144</numero>
<issue>144</issue>
<page-range>535-55</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cook]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bazler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Bringing unions back in: Labour and left governments in Latin America]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Bulletin of Latin American Research]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Coquies]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[U.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Gestión de políticas públicas en economía social en Venezuela en el período 1992-2012]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Caracas ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Bolivariana de Venezuela]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dieterich]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Socialismo del siglo XXI]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eagleton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Ideología: Una introducción]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Barcelona ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Paidós]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Fundação Alexandre de Gusmão</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Discursos selecionados do Presidente Luiz Inácio Lula Da Silva]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Brasília ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ministério das Relações Exteriores]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Fundação Getulio Vargas</collab>
<collab>Centro de Estudos do Novo Desenvolvimento</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Dez teses sobre o novo-desenvolvimentismo]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gárate]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La revolución capitalista de Chile (1973-2003)]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Santiago de Chile ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Alberto Hurtado]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garretón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Neoliberalismo corregido y progresismo limitado: los gobiernos de la Concertación en Chile, 1990-2010]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Santiago ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[ARCIS]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gilbert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Power, ideology and the Washington Consensus: The development and spread of Chilean housing policy]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Housing Studies]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>305-24</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Gobierno de Chile</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Sebastián Piñera. Mensaje Presidencial 21 de mayo]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Valparaíso, Chile ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Gobierno de Chile]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Gobierno de Chile</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Michelle Bachelet. Mensaje Presidencial 21 de mayo]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Valparaíso, Chile ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Gobierno de Chile]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zamora]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Funcionalidad y aplicación del Plan Extraordinario Misión Vuelvan Caras y su impacto en el desarrollo endógeno. Municipio Sucre. Estado Sucre. Años 2004-2008]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Venezuela ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Bolivariana]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gray]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Basualto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sisto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Política pública sobre capacitación y empleo en Chile: Inclusión/exclusión de una fuerza laboral que envejece]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Polis]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>16</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Harvey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Breve historia del neoliberalismo]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Akal]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Instituto de Desarrollo Agropecuario</collab>
<source><![CDATA[INDAP en cifras]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lanz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El desarrollo endógeno y la misión &#8220;Vuelvan Caras&#8221;]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lebowitz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The contradictions of «real socialism». The conductor and the conducted]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Monthly Review Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leite]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Souza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Igualdade de gênero e raça no Brasil: Uma discussão sobre a política pública de emprego]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Dados]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>53</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>195-231</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mazzuca]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Lessons from Latin America: The rise of rentier populism]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Democracy]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>108-22</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mészáros]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El desafío y la carga del tiempo histórico: el Socialismo del siglo XXI]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Caracas ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Vadell Hermanos]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Programa Nacional de Qualificação profissional - PNQ]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Ministerio del Trabajo y Empleo</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Plan nacional de calificacion (PNQ)]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moulian]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Socialismo del siglo XXI: La quinta vía]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Santiago de Chile ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[LOM]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Monedero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Hacia una filosofía política del Socialismo del siglo XXI . Notas desde el caso venezolano]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cuadernos del CENDES]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<numero>68</numero>
<issue>68</issue>
<page-range>71-106</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Navarro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Díaz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Análisis de contenido]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Delgado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gutiérrez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Métodos y técnicas cualitativas de investigación en ciencias sociales]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<page-range>177-224</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Síntesis]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Osorio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[¿Aprendiendo o emulando? Cómo se difunden las políticas sociales en América Latina]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Santiago de Chile ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[LOM]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Osorio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vergara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La difusión de políticas públicas. Estado del arte y contribuciones para la disciplina en América Latina]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Política]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>54</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>235-54</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oyarzo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferrada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Evaluación de políticas públicas de empleo en la región de Los Lagos de Chile]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Chilena de Economía y Sociedad]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pereira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Un acercamiento a la política social venezolana: apreciación sobre algunos mecanismos de formación juvenil inserción laboral]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Gaceta Laboral]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>309-228</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Posner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Labour market flexibility, employment and inequality: lessons from Chile]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[New Political Economy]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>237-56</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Posner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Laboring under Chávez: Populism for the Twenty&#8208;first Century]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Latin American Politics and Society]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>58</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>26-50</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Posner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Patroni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mayer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Labor politics in Latin America: Democracy and worker organization in the neoliberal era]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Florida ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[University Press of Florida]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quadagno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Street]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ideology and public policy: Antistatism in American welfare state transformation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Journal of Policy History]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B48">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quijano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wallerstein]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La americanidad como concepto, o América en el moderno sistema mundial]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Internacional de Ciencias Sociales]]></source>
<year>1992</year>
<numero>134</numero>
<issue>134</issue>
<page-range>583-91</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B49">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Radzinski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[A Trajetória do Plano Territorial de qualificação no Paraná no contexto das políticas públicas de trabalho, emprego e renda]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Curitiva ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B50">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Las agencias de empleo en el desarrollo local: Factibilidad de su implementación en Venezuela]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Visión General]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>385-406</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B51">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Romero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ideología y preferencias de política pública en América Latina, 1978-2013. Capital fijo, capital humano y política fiscal]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[9° Congreso Latinoamericano de Ciencia Política]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Montevideo ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B52">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Servicio Nacional de Capacitación y Empleo</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Programa Formación para el Trabajo]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B53">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Servicio Nacional de Capacitación y Empleo</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Programa Formación en el Puesto de Trabajo]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B54">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Servicio Nacional de Capacitación y Empleo</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Manual de procedimientos. Programa Jóvenes Bicentenario]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B55">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Servicio Nacional de la Mujer</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Informe Final: Programa Nacional de Mujeres Jefas de Hogar]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B56">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tomé]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Economía política de Venezuela entre la reforma y el Socialismo del siglo XXI]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Buendía García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[¿Alternativas al neoliberalismo en América Latina? las políticas económicas en Venezuela, Brasil, Uruguay, Bolivia y Ecuador]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<page-range>21-70</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[FCE]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B57">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tsai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.-H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.-Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Politics, ideology, and social welfare programs: A critical evaluation of social welfare legislation in Taiwan]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Sociology]]></source>
<year>1985</year>
<numero>17</numero>
<issue>17</issue>
<page-range>233-62</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B58">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vidal-Molina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ansaldo-Roloff]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cea-Madrid]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Hugo Chávez y los principios del Socialismo del siglo XXI: una indagación discursiva (2005-2013)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Izquierdas]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<numero>42</numero>
<issue>42</issue>
<page-range>224-50</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B59">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vidal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Agüero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Selamé]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Neoliberalismo y neodesarrollismo en Latinoamérica: encuentros y desencuentros ideológicos entre los gobiernos de Bachelet-Piñera y Lula-Dilma (2005-2013)]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vidal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Neoliberalismo, neodesarrollismo y socialismo bolivariano. Modelos de desarrollo y políticas públicas en América Latina]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<page-range>161-86</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Santiago de Chile ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ariadna]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B60">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Veras de Oliveira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Momento atual da política pública de qualificação profissional no Brasil: inflexões e desafios]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ariús]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>51-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B61">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wallerstein]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El moderno sistema mundial. La agricultura capitalista y los orígenes de la economía-mundo europea en el siglo XVI]]></source>
<year>1979</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Siglo XXI]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
