<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0188-7653</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Perfiles latinoamericanos]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Perf. latinoam.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0188-7653</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales, Sede Académica de México]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0188-76532017000200155</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18504/pl2550-008-2017</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Modos de representación en los distritos: ¿diputados al servicio de los partidos o de los electores? Los casos de Chile y Bolivia]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barreda Díaz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mikel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruiz Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Leticia María]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universitat Oberta de Catalunya  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Complutense de Madrid Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociología ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Spain</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>25</volume>
<numero>50</numero>
<fpage>155</fpage>
<lpage>177</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0188-76532017000200155&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0188-76532017000200155&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0188-76532017000200155&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Este trabajo aporta evidencia empírica sobre una cuestión poco investigada en América Latina: los modos de representación. Se analiza en particular un posible dilema del parlamentario en su actividad de representación: anteponer los intereses de su partido o los de los ciudadanos de su distrito. Para el estudio empírico, se recurrió a una encuesta a asesores parlamentarios de los principales partidos bolivianos y chilenos. Los argumentos fundamentales del análisis son dos. Primero, si bien la preferencia general entre los diputados es priorizar los intereses del distrito por encima de los del partido, hay diferencias significativas entre los diputados bolivianos y chilenos. Segundo, el análisis exploratorio muestra la naturaleza multicausal de las preferencias respecto a los intereses de representación. Se constata la influencia de un grupo diverso de factores relacionados con las características del diputado, del partido y del entorno socioeconómico e institucional.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract This paper provides empirical evidence on a topic that has been hardly analyzed in Latin America: representatives modes of representation. It specifically focuses on whether representatives promote party interests or constituency interests. Data have been obtained from surveys applied to representatives and political advisers from Chilean and Bolivian main political parties. Two are the key arguments. First, despite representatives&#8217; generalized preference for defending district interests&#8217; more than party interests, significant differences between Bolivian and Chilean deputies are found. Second, exploratory analysis shows the multicausal nature of representatives&#8217; interests, including variables related to representatives, their parties as well as their socioeconomic and institutional environment.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[modos de representación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[actividad distrital]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[parlamentarios]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Chile]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Bolivia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Modes of representation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[district activity]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[congressmen]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Chile]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Bolivia]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Adams]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Party Competition and Responsible Party Government]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Ann Arbor ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Michigan University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alcántara Sáez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[¿Instituciones o máquinas ideológicas? Origen programa y organización de los partidos políticos latinoamericanos]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Barcelona ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[ICPS]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Amaral]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stokes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La democracia local en Argentina: Clientelismo, capital social e innovación en Argentina]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Buenos Aires ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Tres de Febrero]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Modes of Political Representation: Toward a New Typology]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Andeweg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thomassen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. J. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Legislative Studies Quarterly]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>507-28</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ansolabehere]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jones]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Dyadic Representation]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schickler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Oxford Handbook of The American Congress]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<page-range>293-314</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Oxford University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Yes WE Can or Yes HE Can?]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Citizen Preferences Regarding Styles of Representation and Presidential Voting Behavior. Presidential Studies Quaterly]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>40</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>431-48</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Una Aproximación al Estudio de la Actividad Distrital de los Diputados: los Casos de Chile y Bolivia]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barreda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruiz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Debates]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>81-103</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Styles of Political Representation: What Do Voters Expect?]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bengtsson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wass]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Elections, Public Opinion and Parties]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>55-81</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Attitudes Towards the Focus and Style of Political Representation among Belgian, French and Portuguese Parliamentarian]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brack]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Costa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pequito]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Representation]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>48</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>387-402</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Vote-Buying in Argentina]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brusco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nazareno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stokes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Latin American Research Review]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>39</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>66-88</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Assessing Preferences for Political Representation in the US]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Elections, Public Opinions and Parties]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>1-19</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carroll]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shugart]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Neo-Madisonian Theory and Latin American Institutions]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Munck]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Regimes and Democracy in Latin America]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<page-range>51-101</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Oxford ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Oxford University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Contreras]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Redes de intermediación política en Chile: Retomando la discusión sobre los brokers políticos en el Chile post-autoritario]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ IVCongreso Uruguayo de Ciencia Política]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc>Montevideo, Uruguay </conf-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Representative Roles and Legislative Behavior in France]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Converse]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pierce]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Legislative Studies Quaterly]]></source>
<year>1979</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>525-62</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Impact of Mixed-member Districts on Legislator&#8217;s Behavior: The Case of Bolivia]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Corral]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rivas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Latin American Politics and Society]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>58</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>29-48</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cox]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La coordinación estratégica de los sistemas electorales del mundo: hacer que los votos cuenten]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Barcelona ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Gedisa]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Davidson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oleszek]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schickler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Congress and Its Members]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Washington, DC ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sage/CQ Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Deschouwer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Depauw]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Representing the People: A Survey among Members of State-wide and Substate Parliaments]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Oxford ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Oxford University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El secreto de mi éxito. Seis caminos para llegar y permanecer en Valparaíso]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Díaz Rioseco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Giannini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Luna]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Núñez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de Ciencia Política]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>69-190</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Do Alto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stefanoni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El MAS: las ambivalencias de la democracia corporativa]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ Coloquio PNUD &#8220;Democracia interna en la elección de candidatos del Movimiento al Socialismo&#8221;]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc>La Paz, Bolivia </conf-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Domingo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Bolivia. Fin de un ciclo y nuevas perspectivas políticas (1993-2003)]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Barcelona ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Edicions Bellatera]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Role of the Representative: Some Empirical Observations on the Theory of Edmund Burke]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eulau]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wahlke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Buchanan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leroy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferguson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[American Political Science Review]]></source>
<year>1959</year>
<volume>53</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>742-56</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fenno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Home Style. House Members in Their Districts]]></source>
<year>1978</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Boston ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Little, Brown]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fiorina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Retrospective Voting in American National Elections]]></source>
<year>1981</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New Haven ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Yale University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fiorina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Congress: Keystone of the Washington Establishment]]></source>
<year>1977</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New Haven ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Yale University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García Montero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marenghi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Puzzle of Representation: The Behavior of Latin American Legislators and the Interests they Defend]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alcántara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Politicians and Politics in Latin America]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Boulder, CO ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Lynne Rienner Pub]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gauja]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Politics of Party Policy: From Members to Legislators]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Houndmills ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Palgrave Macmillan]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Election Campaigning on the WWW in the USA and UK. A Comparative Analysis]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gibson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Margolis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Resnick]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ward]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Party Politics]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>47-75</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Luna]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Segmented Representation. Political Party Strategies in Unequal Democracies]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Oxford ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Oxford University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Segmented Party-Voter Linkages in Latin America: The Case of the UDI]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Luna]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Latin American Studies]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>42</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>325-56</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Chile: Are the Parties Over?]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Luna]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mardones]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Democracy]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>107-21</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mainwaring]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Party Systems in the Third Wave of Democratization. The Case of Brazil]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Stanford ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Stanford University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mainwaring]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bejarano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pizarro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Crisis of Democratic Representation in the Andes]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Standford ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Standford University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Clarifying the Concept of Representation]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mansbridge]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[American Political Science Review]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>105</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>621-30</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Rethinking Representation]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mansbridge]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[American Political Science Review]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>97</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>515- 528</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La representación política y la calidad de la democracia]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Mexicana de Sociología]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>66</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mayhew]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Congress: The Electoral Connection]]></source>
<year>1974</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New Haven ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Yale University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mayorga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Populism in Bolivia: Can a Social Movement Govern without a Party?]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Woodrow Wilson Center]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Political Representation in Spain: An Empirical Analysis of the Perception of Citizens and MPs]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Méndez-Lago]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Legislative Studies]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>63-90</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mitnick]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Origin of the Theory of Agency: An Account By One of the Theory&#8217;s Originators]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Instituciones democráticas y recursos morales]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Offe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Preuss]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[U.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Isegoría]]></source>
<year>1990</year>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>45-74</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Partidos y política en Internet: Un análisis de los websites de los partidos políticos catalanes]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Padró-Solanet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cardenal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[IDP. Revista de Internet, Derecho y Política]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>46-61</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pitkin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Concept of Representation]]></source>
<year>1967</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Los Ángeles, CA ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[University of California Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Representation Rethought: On Trustees, Delegates, and Gyroscopes in the Study of Political Representation and Democracy]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rehfeld]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[American Political Science Review]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>103</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>214-30</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruiz Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Partidos y coherencia. Parlamentarios en América Latina]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Centro de Estudios Políticos y Constitucionales]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Siavelis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morgenstern]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Pathways to Power: Political Recruitment and Candidate Selection in Latin America]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[University Park ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Penn State University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stokes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dunning]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nazareno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brusco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Brokers, Voters and Clientelism]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cambridge ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cambridge University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B48">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Microfoundations of Clientelism. Lessons from the Argentina Case]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Szwarcberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Latin American Research Review]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>48</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>32-54</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B49">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Uncertainty, Political Clientelism, and Voter Turnout in Latin America: Why Parties Conduct Rallies in Argentina]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Szwarcberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Comparative Politics]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>45</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>88-106</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B50">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thomassen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Empirical Research into Political Representation: Failing Democracy or Failing Models]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jennings]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Elections at Home and Abroad: Essays in Honor of Warren Miller]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<page-range>236-65</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Ann Arbor ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[University of Michigan Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B51">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valenzuela]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Political Brokers in Chile: Local Government in a Centralized Polity]]></source>
<year>1977</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Durham ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Duke University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B52">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[We&#946;els]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Political Representation and Democracy]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dalton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Klingemann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.-D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Oxford Handbook of Political Behavior]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<page-range>833-49</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Oxford ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Oxford University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
