<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0188-6649</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Tópicos (México)]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Tópicos (México)]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0188-6649</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Panamericana, Facultad de Filosofía]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0188-66492025000300461</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21555/top.v730.3009</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Cuando el sistema de patentes afecta al bienestar de las personas]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[When the Patent System Affects People&#8217;s Wellbeing]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Acosta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Benedicto]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Calleja-Sordo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Elisa]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Salamanca  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Spain</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>73</numero>
<fpage>461</fpage>
<lpage>484</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0188-66492025000300461&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0188-66492025000300461&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0188-66492025000300461&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen. En 2019, un inventor británico solicitó una patente para un inodoro inclinado que buscaba ser incómodo para sus usuarios. Pese a la polémica suscitada, el caso no ha producido ninguna reflexión académica hasta el momento. El objetivo de este artículo es doble: por un lado, analizar la moralidad de este tipo de inventos; por otro lado, derivar consecuencias acerca del compromiso que los sistemas de patentes tienen con ciertos valores morales, como la dignidad de las personas o el orden público. Respecto al primer objetivo, concluimos que, en inventos como los inodoros inclinados, los riesgos superan claramente a los beneficios. Consiguientemente, defendemos, a través del estudio de caso, que los sistemas de patentes no están provistos de herramientas para combatir los inventos inmorales. Esto se debe a que el sistema de patentes no se preocupa por el uso y por el impacto que los inventos tienen sobre las personas, algo que, creemos, puede incluso repercutir sobre la justificación de estos regímenes de propiedad intelectual.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract. In 2019, a British inventor applied for a patent for an inclined toilet that sought to be uncomfortable for its users. Despite the controversy it created, the case has not produced any academic reflection so far. The aim of this article is twofold: on the one hand, it analyses the morality of these types of inventions; on the other hand, it discusses the commitment that patent systems have with certain moral values, such as human dignity or public order. Regarding the first aim, we conclude that, in inventions such as these toilets, the risks clearly outweigh the benefits. Consequently, we argue that patent systems do not have the appropriate tools to face immoral inventions. This is because the patent system is not concerned with the use nor the impact that inventions have, something that, we believe, may influence the very justification of these intellectual property regimes.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ética]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[patentes]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[bienestar]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[dignidad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[riesgo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[propiedad intelectual]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[artefactos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[tecnología]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[límites de patentabilidad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[regulación de patentes]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[ethics]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[patents]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[welfare]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[dignity]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[risk]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[intellectual property]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[artifacts]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[technology]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[limits of patentability]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[patent regulation]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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