<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0188-6649</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Tópicos (México)]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Tópicos (México)]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0188-6649</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Panamericana, Facultad de Filosofía]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0188-66492024000100319</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21555/top.v680.2428</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The Unrest of the Enlightened Self: The Scope of Human Action in Spinoza]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[La inquietud del yo ilustrado. El alcance de la acción humana en Spinoza]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Charpenel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Eduardo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Panamericana  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ciudad de México ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>68</numero>
<fpage>319</fpage>
<lpage>343</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0188-66492024000100319&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0188-66492024000100319&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0188-66492024000100319&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract. My aim in this paper is to examine some of the distinctive facets of human action in Spinoza&#8217;s philosophy and show their intrinsic connection with each other. By analyzing in detail how Spinoza addresses different aspects of human action in his main work, the Ethics, it is possible to notice that for him free human agency implies two interrelated features: on the one hand, the adequate knowledge of the causes that determine it, and, on the other hand, a growing capacity to impact with greater power the scenarios in which it takes place. Thus, in contrast with quietist and passive readings, I show in the following that the two aforementioned characteristics are part of the Spinozian philosophical conception of agency as such. By pursuing this line of thought, it is also possible to establish a link-not always noticed in the secondary literature-with some of the central lines of thought contained in the Theological-Political Treatise. In discussing these theses, I advance the idea that the Spinozian conception of human agency involves a serious readjustment of the metaphysical vision of the agent, a change in her conduct and ethical practices, and an altogether different conception of politics and religion.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen. Mi objetivo en este artículo es examinar algunas de las facetas distintivas de la acción humana en la filosofía de Spinoza y mostrar su interconexión intrínseca. A través de un análisis minucioso de cómo Spinoza aborda distintos aspectos de la acción humana en su obra principal, la Ética, es posible advertir que, para él, la libre agencia humana implica dos rasgos interrelacionados: por un lado, el conocimiento adecuado de las causas que la determinan y, por otro, una creciente capacidad para incidir con mayor potencia en los escenarios en los que tiene lugar. Así, frente a las lecturas quietistas y pasivas, muestro a continuación que las dos características mencionadas forman parte de la concepción filosófica espinozista de la agencia como tal. Si se recorre esta línea de pensamiento, también es posible establecer un vínculo -no siempre advertido en la literatura secundaria- con algunas de las ideas centrales contenidas en el Tratado teológico-político. Al discutir estas tesis, presento la idea de que la concepción espinozista de la agencia humana implica un reajuste importante de la visión metafísica del agente, un cambio en su conducta y en sus prácticas éticas, y una concepción totalmente distinta de la política y la religión.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Spinoza]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[human agency]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[metaphysical psychology]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[ethics]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[politics]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[activity]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[passivity]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Spinoza]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[agencia humana]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[psicología metafísica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ética]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[política]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[actividad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[pasividad]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bennett]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[A Study of Spinoza&#8217;s Ethics]]></source>
<year>1984</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Hackett]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carlisle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Spinoza&#8217;s Acquiescentia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of the History of Philosophy]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>55</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>209-36</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carriero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Conatus]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Melamed]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Spinoza&#8217;s Ethics: A Critical Guide]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<page-range>142-68</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[CUP]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[DeBrabander]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Spinoza and the Stoics: Power, Politics, and the Passions]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Continuum]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Della Roca]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Spinoza&#8217;s Metaphysical Psychology]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garret]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Cambridge Companion to Spinoza]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<page-range>192-266</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[CUP]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Douglas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. X.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Spinoza&#8217;s Unquiet Acquiescentia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>145-63</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gadamer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.-G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Klassische und Philosophische Hermeneutik]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Wahrheit und Methode. II]]></source>
<year>1986</year>
<page-range>92-120</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Mohr Siebeck]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Goldenbaum]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[U.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kluz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Doing Without Free Will: Spinoza and Contemporary Moral Problems]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Lexington Books]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Höffe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Baruch de Spinoza. Theologisch-politischer Traktat]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Akademie Verlag]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Isreal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Enlightenment Contested: Philosophy, Modernity and the Emancipation of Man. 1670-1752]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[OUP]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jacquet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Affects, Actions and Passions in Spinoza: The Unity of Body and Mind]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Edinburgh University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kant]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pluhar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Critique of Practical Reason]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Hackett]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kisner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Spinoza&#8217;s Activities: Freedom without Independence]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Naaman-Zauderer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Freedom, Action and Motivation in Spinoza&#8217;s Ethics]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<page-range>37-61</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Routledge]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lebuffe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Spinoza and the Power of Reason]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Melamed]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y. Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Spinoza&#8217;s Ethics: A Critical Guide]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<page-range>304-19</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[CUP]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Levene]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Spinoza&#8217;s Revelation: Religion, Democracy, and Reason]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[CUP]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Teleology and Human Action in Spinoza]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Philosophical Review]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>115</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>317-54</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Melamed]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y. Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Causes of Our Belief in Free Will: Spinoza on Necessary, &#8220;Innate,&#8221; yet False Cognition]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Melamed]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y. Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Spinoza&#8217;s Ethics: A Critical Guide]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<page-range>121-41</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[CUP]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Melamed]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y. Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rosenthal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Spinoza&#8217;s Theological-Political Treatise: A Critical Guide]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[CUP]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Spinoza and the Stoics]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[CUP]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nadler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Spinoza&#8217;s Ethics: An Introduction]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[CUP]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nadler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Think Least of Death: Spinoza on How to Live and How to Die]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Princeton University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nussbaum]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Upheavals of Thought: The Intelligence of Emotions]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[CUP]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nussbaum]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Political Emotions: Why Love Matters for Justice]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Harvard University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Placencia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Le rationalisme de Spinoza et la méthode d&#8217;interprétation biblique]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cortés]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Laveran]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Spinoza : La raison à l&#8217;épreuve de la pratique]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<page-range>39-61</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Éditions de la Sorbonne]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Placencia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Superstición, prejuicio y fortuna en Spinoza. Un breve comentario a la introducción del Tratado teológico político]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de los Ríos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Azar. El sacro desorden de nuestras vidas]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<page-range>107-31</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Abada]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sangiacomo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Spinoza on Reason, Passions, and the Supreme Good]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[OUP]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sharp]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Animal Effects: Spinoza and the Frontiers of the Human]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal for Critical Animal Studies]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>1-2</numero>
<issue>1-2</issue>
<page-range>48-68</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Spinoza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gebhardt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Opera]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>Four</volume>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Carl Winter Verlag]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Spinoza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morgan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shirley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Complete Works]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Hackett]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Spinoza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Israel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silverthorne]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Israel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Theological-Political Treatise]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[CUP]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Steinberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Spinoza&#8217;s Curious Defense of Toleration]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Melamed]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rosenthal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Spinoza&#8217;s Theological-Political Treatise: A Critical Guide]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<page-range>210-30</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[CUP]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Steinberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Spinoza&#8217;s Political Philosophy]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zalta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
