<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0188-6649</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Tópicos (México)]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Tópicos (México)]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0188-6649</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Panamericana, Facultad de Filosofía]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0188-66492023000300369</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21555/top.v670.2373</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Interpretaciones filosóficas de la Independencia de México]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Philosophical Interpretations of the Mexican Independence]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cuéllar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José Manuel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>67</numero>
<fpage>369</fpage>
<lpage>407</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0188-66492023000300369&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0188-66492023000300369&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0188-66492023000300369&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen. Este artículo revisa la concepción de la Independencia de Antonio Caso, Alfonso Reyes, José Vasconcelos, Samuel Ramos, Juan Hernández Luna, Leopoldo Zea, Emilio Uranga y Luis Villoro. La pregunta por las &#8220;raíces ideológicas&#8221; de la Independencia guio en buena medida esta discusión intergeneracional. Miguel Hidalgo era considerado, de manera casi unánime, un héroe, ya fuese uno de la latinidad (para Caso o Reyes) o un héroe existencialista (para Villoro). El artículo adopta el presupuesto metodológico del historicismo: una idea no es sino la forma de reacción de un ser humano concreto frente a sus circunstancias.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract. This article examines the conceptions of the Mexican Independence of Antonio Caso, Alfonso Reyes, José Vasconcelos, Samuel Ramos, Juan Hernández Luna, Leopoldo Zea, Emilio Uranga and Luis Villoro. The question of the &#8220;ideological roots&#8221; of the Independence largely guided this intergenerational discussion. Miguel Hidalgo was almost unanimously considered a hero, whether he was a hero of latinidad (for Caso or Reyes) or an existentialist hero (for Villoro). This article adopts the methodological presupposition of historicism: an idea is nothing more than the way a concrete human being deals with her circumstances.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Independencia de México]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Antonio Caso]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Alfonso Reyes]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[José Vasconcelos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Samuel Ramos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Juan Hernández Luna]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Luis Villoro]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Emilio Uranga]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Leopoldo Zea]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Mexican Independence]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Antonio Caso]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Alfonso Reyes]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[José Vasconcelos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Samuel Ramos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Juan Hernández Luna]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Luis Villoro]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Emilio Uranga]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Leopoldo Zea]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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