<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0188-6649</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Tópicos (México)]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Tópicos (México)]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0188-6649</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Panamericana, Facultad de Filosofía]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0188-66492008000200009</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21555/top.v35i1.136</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[La convergencia de lo cognitivo y lo social en los errores humanos]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Estany]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Anna]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Spain</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>35</numero>
<fpage>9</fpage>
<lpage>35</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0188-66492008000200009&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0188-66492008000200009&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0188-66492008000200009&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen El objetivo de este artículo es mostrar no sólo que no hay incompatibilidad entre los factores cognitivos y sociales en el análisis de fenómenos científicos y tecnológicos, sino que se complementan. Esta idea se ejemplifica con el estudio del error humano desde una doble perspectiva: la de un científico cognitivo como James Reason y la de un ingeniero como Henry Petroski. El análisis de catástrofes a causa de fallos en estructuras arquitectónicas o en procesos industriales muestra que sólo teniendo en cuenta sus elementos cognitivos y sociales podemos disminuir los fracasos y aumentar los éxitos de la actividad científico-tecnológica.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The aim of this paper is to show that not only there is no incompatibility between the cognitive and social factors in the analysis of scientific and technological phenomena, but that they are complemented. This idea is exemplified with the study of the human error from a double perspective: the one of a cognitive scientist like James Reason and the other one of an engineer like Henry Petroski. The analysis of catastrophes because of failures in architectonic structures or industrial processes show that only considering the cognitive and social elements we can diminish the failures and increase the successes of the scientific and technological activity.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Error humano]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[fracaso ingenieril]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[diseño]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Human error]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[engineering failures]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[design]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Asimov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[A philosophy of engineering design]]></source>
<year>1974</year>
<page-range>150-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bechman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Riesgo y sociedad post-moderna]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<page-range>17-34</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Blockley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The nature of structural design and safety]]></source>
<year>1980</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[West Sussex ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Chichester; Ellis Horwood Limited]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bunge]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Tecnology as applied science]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Technology and Culture]]></source>
<year>1966</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<page-range>329-47</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bunge]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The philosophical richness of technology]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Philosophy of Science]]></source>
<year>1976</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<page-range>153-72</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Clark]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Andy]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Natural-born cyborgs. Minds, technologies, and the future of human intelligence]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Oxford ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Clark]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chalmers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The extended mind]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Analysis]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>58</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>7-19</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cranor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Conocimiento experto y políticas públicas en las sociedades tecnológicas. En búsqueda del apoyo científico apropiado para la protección de la salud]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[D&#8217;Andrade]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Culturally based reasoning]]></source>
<year>1989</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dekker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The field guide to understanding human error]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Hampshire (England) ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ashgate Publishing]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Echeverría]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La revolución tecnocientífica]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México; Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Fondo de Cultura Económica]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Estany]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Vida, muerte y resurrección de la conciencia. Análisis filosófico de las revoluciones científicas en la psicología contemporánea]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Barcelona ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Paidós]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Estany]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The thesis of theory-laden observation in the light of cognitive psychology]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Philosophy of Science]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>68</volume>
<page-range>203-17</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Estany]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Progress and social impact in design sciences]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<page-range>135-59</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fauconnier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Turner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The way we think]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Oxford ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Basic Books]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gellatly]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rogers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sloboda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Cognition in social worlds]]></source>
<year>1989</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[McGraw-Hill]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Godoy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Escaudar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jaca y F.]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Revisión crítica de algunas teorías de accidentes asociadas a la infraestructura]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Internacional de Desastres Naturales, Accidentes e Infraestructura Civil]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>127-39</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Science, Technology and Society: A Philosophical Perspective]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[A Coruña ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Netbiblo]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hall]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Three-dimensional morphology of systems engineering]]></source>
<year>1974</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hutchins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Cognition in the wild]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cambridge (MA) ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[The MIT Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jacques]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Powell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Design: Science: Method]]></source>
<year>1981</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[England ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Westbury House]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Knorr-Cetina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The manufacture of knowledge: An essay on the constructivist and contextual nature of science]]></source>
<year>1981</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Oxford ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Pergamon]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kotarbinski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Praxiological sentences and how they are proved]]></source>
<year>1962</year>
<page-range>211-23</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kotarbinski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Praxiology. An introduction to the science of efficient action]]></source>
<year>1965</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Pergamon]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Latour]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Woolgar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Laboratory life: the social construction of scientific facts]]></source>
<year>1979</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Londres ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sage]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López Cerezo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Luján]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Ciencia y política de riesgo]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Alianza]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Luján]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Echeverría]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Gobernar los riesgos. Ciencia y valores en la sociedad del riesgo]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Biblioteca Nueva]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McCrory]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The design method-A scientific approach to valid design]]></source>
<year>1974</year>
<page-range>158-73</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McKaig]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Building failures: case studies in construction and design]]></source>
<year>1962</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[McGraw-Hill]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Galanter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pribram]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Plans and structure of behaviour]]></source>
<year>1960</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Holt]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nadler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[An investigation of design methodology]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Management science]]></source>
<year>1967</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
<page-range>B642-55</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nagel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Suppes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tarski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Logic, Methodology and Philosophy. Proceedings of the 1960 International Congress]]></source>
<year>1962</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Niiniluoto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The aim and structure of applied research]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Erkenntnis]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<volume>38</volume>
<page-range>1-21</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Norman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El aprendizaje y la memoria]]></source>
<year>1985</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Alianza]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Norman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Cognitive engineering]]></source>
<year>1986</year>
<page-range>31-61</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Norman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La psicología de los objetos cotidianos]]></source>
<year>1990</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial Nerea]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Norman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Turn signals are the facial expressions of automobiles]]></source>
<year>1992</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Reading (MA) ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Addison-Wesly]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Norman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Things that make us smart. Deffending human attributes in the age of the machine]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cambridge (MA) ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Perseus Books]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Norman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Emotional design. Why we love (or hate) everyday things]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Basic Books]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Norman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Draper]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[User centered system design. New perspectives on human-computer interaction]]></source>
<year>1986</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Hillsdale (NJ) ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Erlbaum]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Perrow]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Normal accidents: living with high-risk tecnologies]]></source>
<year>1984</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Basic Books]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Petroski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[To engineer is human. The role of falilure in successful design]]></source>
<year>1982</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[St. Martin&#8217;s Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Petroski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Design paradigms. Case histories of error and judgment in engineering]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cambridge (MA) ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Petroski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Small things considered. Why there is no perfect design]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Alfred A. Knopf]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Petroski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Success Through Failure: The Paradox of Design]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Princeton ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quintanilla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Tecnología: un enfoque filosófico y otros ensayos sobre filosofía de la tecnología]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México; Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Fondo de Cultura Económica]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rapp]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Contributions to a philosophy of technology]]></source>
<year>1974</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Dordrecht (Holanda) ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[D. Reidel]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B48">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reason]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Human error]]></source>
<year>1990</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cambridge (MA) ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B49">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reason]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hobbs]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Managing maintenance error: A practical guide]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Hampshire ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ashgate Publishing]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B50">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shrader-Frechette]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Objectivity and professional duties regarding scienca and technology]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<page-range>51-79</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B51">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Simon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The science of the artificial]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cambridge (MA) ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[The MIT Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B52">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vallverdú]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Marc teòric de les controvèrsies científiques: el cas de la sacarina]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Barcelona ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
