<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0188-6266</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Acta universitaria]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Acta univ]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0188-6266</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Guanajuato, Dirección de Investigación y Posgrado]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0188-62662025000100116</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15174/au.2025.4255</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Copolymers based sensor to detect and pinpoint milk leaks in pipelines of lacteous process factories]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Sensor a base de copolímeros para detectar y localizar fugas de leche en tuberías de fábricas de proceso lácteo]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Orozco Alvarado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Miguel Alonso]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Márquez Lucero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alfredo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández Rodarte]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Felipe Samuel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Chihuahua Chihuahua]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Tecnológico Nacional de México Instituto Tecnológico de Durango ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Dgo.]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>35</volume>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0188-62662025000100116&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0188-62662025000100116&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0188-62662025000100116&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Copolymer poly(n-butyl acrylate) and poly(acrylic acid), 70% and 30%, respectively, were prepared by radical emulsion polymerization. The copolymer obtained was used in a coextrusion process to make a sensor cable prototype formed of nichrome wire as core and copper wire wrapped spirally (windings 1.2 cm/cycle). A sensing system circuit was designed for milk leak detection. The polymer structure improves the processing properties for distributed shaped wire sensors and decreases sensitivity to the environmental humidity, avoiding false alarms. In simulated tests, the system detects the leak localization with high accuracy (error levels as +/- 1%).]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Los copolímeros poli(acrilato de n-butilo) al 70% y poli(ácido acrílico) al 30% se prepararon mediante polimerización radicálica en emulsión. El polímero resultante se utilizó en un proceso de coextrusión para fabricar un prototipo de sensor tipo cable formado por alambre de nicromo como núcleo y alambre de cobre envuelto en espiral (bobinados 1.2 cm/ciclo). Se diseñó un circuito de sistema sensor para la detección de fugas de leche. La estructura polimérica mejoró las propiedades de procesamiento de los sensores de alambre con forma distribuida y disminuyó la sensibilidad a la humedad ambiental, evitando falsas alarmas. En pruebas simuladas, el sistema detecta la localización de la fuga con alta precisión (niveles de error de +/- 1%).]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Leaks]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[milk]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[sensors]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[polymers]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Fugas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[leche]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[sensores]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[polímeros]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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