<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0188-6266</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Acta universitaria]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Acta univ]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0188-6266</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Guanajuato, Dirección de Investigación y Posgrado]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0188-62662021000100142</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15174/au.2021.3110</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Los microempresarios mexicanos informales más visibles en 2016, una cuestión de escape y exclusión]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The most visible informal Mexican microentrepreneurs in 2016, a question of escape and exclusión]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Palacios Duarte]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Pablo Daniel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saavedra García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María Luisa]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla Facultad de Administración ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Facultad de Contaduría y Administración ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ciudad de México ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>31</volume>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0188-62662021000100142&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0188-62662021000100142&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0188-62662021000100142&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen El objetivo de esta investigación consistió en brindar un panorama de las características de los jefes de familia mexicanos que se encuentran en el sector microempresarial informal, así como determinar el rendimiento de su trabajo, con la finalidad de conocer qué es lo que los motiva a la informalidad: el escape o la exclusión. Se utilizó una muestra de 51 471 trabajadores formales y 3424 trabajadores informales aplicando un modelo de Heckit, con datos del año 2016. Los hallazgos muestran que el ingreso que reciben los trabajadores informales es superior y que se dedican a esta actividad por escape; es decir, existen factores, como el número de horas que dedican al trabajo, la remuneración por el tiempo empleado y el mantener, conservar y equilibrar las relaciones familiares, que motivan la informalidad, especialmente en la mujer. También, el nivel educativo, aunado a la baja calidad del empleo, limitan la migración al sector formal.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The objective of this research was to provide an overview of the characteristics of Mexican heads of households involved in the informal microenterprise sector, as well as to determine the performance of their work, aiming to know what motivates them to informality: escape or exclusion. A sample of 51 471 formal workers and 3424 informal workers was used applying a Heckit model, with data from 2016. The findings show that the income received by informal workers is higher than that of formal workers. The findings show that the income received by informal workers is higher and that they engage in this activity by escape; In other words, there are factors, such as the number of hours they dedicate to work, remuneration for time spent, and maintaining, preserving and balancing family relationships, which motivate informality, especially in women. Also, the educational level, coupled with the low quality of employment, limit migration to the formal sector.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Informalidad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[utilidades]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[género]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[mercado laboral]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[microempresas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Informality]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[utilities]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[gender]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[labor market]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[microenterprises]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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