<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0188-6266</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Acta universitaria]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Acta univ]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0188-6266</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Guanajuato, Dirección de Investigación y Posgrado]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0188-62662019000100139</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15174/au.2019.1982</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Physical-mechanical properties of three highly consumed species of nopal in Mexico]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Propiedades físico-mecánicas de tres especies de nopal de alto consumo en México]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Durán-García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Héctor Martín]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González-Galván]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Emilo Jorge]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rössel-Kipping]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Erich Dietmar]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ortiz-Laurel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Hipólito]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí Instituto de Investigación de Zonas Desérticas ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[San Luis Potosí S.L.P.]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí Facultad de Ingeniería ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Colegio de Postgraduados  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>29</volume>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0188-62662019000100139&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0188-62662019000100139&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0188-62662019000100139&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Nopal is one of the most consumed foods in Mexico (consumed both by humans and animals, mainly ruminants), with an increased demand in the last ten years. The nopal (Opuntia spp.) develops favorably in conditions of low precipitation, in thin, rocky soils which are typical of arid zones, where other crops only grow at a certain time of the year. The physical-mechanical properties of the product to be processed are fundamental in the design and construction of agricultural machinery, since previous knowledge and evaluation of the material that is going to be processed enables a correct selection of the work elements or mechanisms that will intervene in the machine. In the case of nopal processing, the presence of areolas and thorns directly affects some mechanical properties of the product, as presented in this paper.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen En México, el nopal es uno de los alimentos de mayor consumo (tanto por humanos como por animales, principalmente rumiantes), siendo en los últimos años cuando más se ha incrementado su demanda. El nopal (Opuntia spp.) se desarrolla favorablemente en condiciones de poca precipitación, en suelos delgados y rocosos, propios de las zonas áridas, en las que otros cultivos solo prosperan en cierta época del año. Las propiedades físico-mecánicas del producto a procesar son fundamentales en el diseño y construcción de maquinaria agrícola, pues conocer y evaluar previamente el material a trabajar permite que, posteriormente, se puedan elegir correctamente los elementos de trabajo o mecanismos que intervendrán en la máquina. En este trabajo se detallan aspectos como la influencia de la presencia de aureolas y espinas en algunas de las propiedades mecánicas del nopal.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Nopal rheology]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[mechanical strength]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[cutting]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Reología del nopal]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[resistencia mecánica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[corte]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Calvo-Arriaga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. O.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández-Montes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peña-Valdivia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Corrales-García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aguirre-Mandujado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Preference mapping and rheological properties of four nopal (Opuntia spp.) cultivars]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Profesional Association for Cactus Development]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<page-range>127-42</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Durán-García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González-Galván]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Márquez-Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[U.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Conditioning of nopal cactus (Opuntia spp.) for food and dehydration]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Food Agriculture and Environment]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>49-51</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Modifications to the Köppen Climate Classification System (to adapt it to the conditions of Mexico)]]></source>
<year>1973</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Instituto Nacional de Estadística Geografía e Informática</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Encuesta Nacional Agropecuaria 2014]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leyva. A.]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Laffita]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Toledo Dieppa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sabin Rendón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valdés Hernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Metodología para determinar la fuerza de arrastre de productos agrícolas a partir de la dinámica de fluidos computacional (CFD)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Ciencias Técnicas Agropecuarias]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>64-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meraz-Maldonado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valle-Guardarrama]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández-Morales]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Anaya- Rosales]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez- Maciel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leyva- Ruelas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Quality of three sizes of prickly pear cactus stems (Opuntia ficus indica L. Atlixco)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[African Journal Agricultural Research]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>32</numero>
<issue>32</issue>
<page-range>4512-20</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Muñoz López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Caracterización reológica de mucílago de Opuntia Ficus-indica en flujo cortante]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Politécnico Nacional]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rössel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Durán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. H. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ortíz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Técnicas de procesos agrícolas 1: sistemática del procesamiento, corte, reducción de tamaños]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Colegio de Postgraduados]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rzedowski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Analisis preliminar de la flora vascular de los bosques mesofilosde montaña de México]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Acta Botánica Mexicana]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<volume>35</volume>
<page-range>25-44</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sanchez-Pineda-Infantas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cano-Muñoz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hermida-Bun]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Blanching, freezing and frozen storage influence texture of white asparagus]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Food Science]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<volume>59</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>821-3</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Secretaría de Agricultura, Ganadería, Pesca y Alimentación</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Cierre de la producción agrícola por cultivo]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Servicio de Información Agroalimentaria y Pesquera]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>SAS</collab>
<source><![CDATA[SAS User&#8217;s Guide: Statistics, Statistical versión 8]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cary, North Carolina, United States of America ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[SAS. Institute, Inc.]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Singler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valdés]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Laffita]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ayala]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maldonado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Dispositivo para la medición de la energía específica durante el corte de tallos gruesos]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Ciencias Técnicas Agropecuarias]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>1-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tavera Cortes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Escamilla García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alvarado Raya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salinas Calleja]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Galicia Vilanueva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Regional development model based on organic production of nopal]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Modern Economy]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>239-49</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valdés Hernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Determinación experimental de propiedades físico-mecánicas de la caña de azúcar para su procesamiento en molinos forrajeros]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Ciencias Técnicas Agropecuarias]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>1-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
