<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0188-6266</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Acta universitaria]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Acta univ]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0188-6266</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Guanajuato, Dirección de Investigación y Posgrado]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0188-62662019000100102</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15174/au.1641</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Modelado de agrietamiento en estructuras de concreto: enfoque de grieta distribuida y enfoque de grieta discreta]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Modeling of cracking in concrete structures: smeared and discrete crack approach]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moreno-Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jatziri Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Galván]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Arturo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Herrera-Díaz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Israel E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Palacios]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Otoniel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Guanajuato  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Celaya Gto]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Instituto de Ingeniería ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>29</volume>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0188-62662019000100102&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0188-62662019000100102&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0188-62662019000100102&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen El objetivo de este trabajo es simular el agrietamiento en estructuras de concreto mediante dos enfoques: enfoque de grieta distribuida y enfoque de grieta discreta. Se analizaron dos casos de estudio: una viga con refuerzo ordinario y un extremo recortado de viga modelados mediante elementos finitos tridimensionales. Primeramente, se utilizó el enfoque de grieta distribuida para localizar la zona de agrietamiento en ambos casos de estudio. Posteriormente, para simular el ancho de la grieta se utilizó el enfoque de grieta discreta aplicando un modelo de zona cohesiva haciendo uso de una función que representa la abertura de la grieta. Los resultados obtenidos se validaron con resultados experimentales. Esta investigación proporciona la eficiencia y la aplicación de los dos enfoques para estimar la aparición y el ancho de grieta para estructuras de concreto reforzado.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The aim of this work is to simulate the cracking in concrete structures by means of two approaches: smeared crack and discrete approaches. Two case studies were analyzed: a beam with ordinary reinforcement and a dapped-end beam modeled by three-dimensional finite elements. Firstly, the smeared crack approach was used to locate the cracking zone in both case studies. Subsequently, to simulate the crack width, the discrete crack approach was used by applying a cohesive zone model making use of a function that represents the crack opening. The obtained results were validated with experimental results. This investigation provides the efficiency and application of the two approaches to estimate crack appearance and width for reinforced concrete structures.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Estructuras de concreto]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[grieta distribuida]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[grieta discreta]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Concrete structures]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[smeared crack]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[discrete crack]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Ansys</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Documentation for ANSYS]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[USA ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[ANSYS Inc.]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ba&#382;ant]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Nonlocal smeared cracking model for concrete fracture]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Structural Engineering]]></source>
<year>1988</year>
<volume>114</volume>
<numero>11</numero>
<issue>11</issue>
<page-range>2493-510</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ba&#382;ant]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Crack band theory for fracture of concrete]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Materials and Structures]]></source>
<year>1983</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>155-77</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barbhuiya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Choudhury]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A study on the size effect of RC beam-column connections under cyclic loading]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Engineering Structures]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>95</volume>
<page-range>1-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cook.]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Johnson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Pervasive cracking of heterogeneous brittle materials using a multi-directional smeared crack band model]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Mechanical Sciences]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<page-range>1-16</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cornelissen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hordijk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reinhardt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Experimental determination of crack softening characteristics of normal weight and lightweight concrete]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[HERON]]></source>
<year>1986</year>
<volume>31</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>45-56</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Eurocode 2</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Calcul des Structures en béton]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Freddi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lurlano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Numerical insight of variational smeared approach to cohesive fracture]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>98</volume>
<page-range>156-71</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gálvez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cendón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Simulación de la fractura del hormigón en modo mixto]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Internacional de Métodos Numéricos para cálculo y Diseño en Ingeniería]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>31-58</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gopalaratnam]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shah]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Softening response of plain concrete in direct tension]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[American Concrete Institute. Structural Journal]]></source>
<year>1985</year>
<volume>82</volume>
<page-range>310-23</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hillerborg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Modéer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Petersson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Analysis of crack formation and crack growth in concrete by means of fracture mechanics and finite elements]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cement and Concrete Research]]></source>
<year>1976</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>773-82</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ichinose]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kanayama]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Inoue]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bolander Jr.]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Size effect tests on bond strength of deformed bars]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Construction and Building Materials]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
<page-range>549-58</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Su]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mechanical behavior and size effect of moderate high-strength RC columns under monotonic and cyclic axial compression]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Engineering Structures]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>124</volume>
<page-range>269-85</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kobayashi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hawkins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liaw]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Fracture process zone of concrete]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shah]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Application of Fracture Mechanics to Cementitious Composites]]></source>
<year>1985</year>
<page-range>25-50</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Illinois ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Martinus Nijhoff Publishers]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moreno-Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Experimental study on the structural behavior of concrete dapped-end beam]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Engineering Structures]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>75</volume>
<page-range>152-63</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mosalam]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Paulino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Evolutionary characteristic length method for smeared cracking finite element models]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Finite Element in Analysis and Design]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<page-range>99-108</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nilson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[State-of-the-art report-finite element analysis of reinforcement concrete]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[American Society of Civil Engineers]]></source>
<year>1982</year>
<volume>114</volume>
<numero>11</numero>
<issue>11</issue>
<page-range>2493-510</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ors]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Okail]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. O]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zaher]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Modeling of shear deficient beams by the mixed smeared/discrete cracking approach]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Housing and Building Research Center Journal]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>123-36</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Padmarajaiah]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramaswamy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A finite element assessment of flexural strength of prestressed concrete beams with fiber reinforcement]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cement and Concrete Composites]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<page-range>229-41</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Planas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Elice]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Towards a measure of GF: An analysis of experimental results]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wittmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Fracture Toughness and Fracture Energy of Concrete]]></source>
<year>1986</year>
<page-range>381-90</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Lausana, Suiza ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Elsevier]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Polak]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vecchio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Nonlinear analysis of reinforced concrete shell]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Structural Engineering]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<volume>119</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>3439-62</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Prestressed Concrete Institute</collab>
<source><![CDATA[PCI Design Handbook]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Chicago, Illinois ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rashid]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Analysis of prestressed concrete pressure vessels]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nuclear Engineering and Design]]></source>
<year>1968</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>334-44</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reinhardt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Fracture mechanics of an elastic softening material like concrete]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Heron]]></source>
<year>1984</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>3-35</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nakano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nakamura]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Discrete crack analysis of concrete gravity dams based on the known inertia force field of linear response analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Engineering Fracture Mechanics]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>115</volume>
<page-range>122-36</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sinaie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Application of the discrete element method for the simulation of size effects in concrete samples]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Solid and Structures]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>108</volume>
<page-range>244-53</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Syroka-Korol]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tejchman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mróz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[FE analysis of size effects in reinforced concrete beams without shear reinforcement based on stochastic elasto-plasticity with non-local softening]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Finite Elements in Analysis and Design]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>88</volume>
<page-range>25-41</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vandewalle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cracking behavior of concrete beams reinforced with a combination of ordinary reinforcement and steel fibers]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Materials and Structures]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<page-range>164-70</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[William]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Warnke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Constitutive model for the Triaxial Behavior of Concrete]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Proceedings, International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering]]></source>
<year>1975</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<page-range>174</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yerlici]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ozturan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Factors affecting anchorage bond strength in high-performance concrete]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[American Concrete Institute. Structural Journal]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>97</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>499-507</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zienkiewicz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The superconvergent patch recovery and a posteriori error estimate. Part 1: the recovery technique]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering]]></source>
<year>1992</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<page-range>1331-64</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
