<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0188-4999</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista internacional de contaminación ambiental]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. Int. Contam. Ambient]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0188-4999</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y Cambio Climático]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0188-49992025000100161</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20937/rica.55573</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Alternative dispute resolution in environmental conflicts. A comparative study of biodiversity, marine ecosystems, and industrial pollution in Asia]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Resolución alternativa de disputas en conflictos ambientales; un estudio comparativo de la biodiversidad, los ecosistemas marinos y la contaminación industrial en Asia]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abraham]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aswathy Prakash]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences Saveetha School of Law Department of Law]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Tamil Nadu ]]></addr-line>
<country>India</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences Saveetha School of Law Department of Law]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Tamil Nadu ]]></addr-line>
<country>India</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>41</volume>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0188-49992025000100161&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0188-49992025000100161&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0188-49992025000100161&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT Environmental challenges related to biodiversity conservation and industrial pollution have become increasingly complex, especially in Asia, where rapid economic growth is often associated with conflicting goals of environmental protection. Marine biodiversity can be strongly affected by industrial pollution from marine activities, such as those involving fishing boats, cargo ships, and oil tankers operated by seafarers. This study aims to compare the role of alternative dispute resolution in environmental conflict management across different Asian countries. The term &#8220;alternative dispute resolution&#8221; (ADR) refers to a range of techniques used to resolve conflicts outside the conventional court system. This study examines the legal frameworks, policies, and procedures for ADR across countries, focusing on their strengths and weaknesses. This case study of disputes related to wildlife protection, forestry, effective waste management, and pollution control, ADR culturally and politically influences dispute resolution. It examines the impact of economic factors. The findings shed light on the potential of ADR to reconcile environmental protection with economic development in Asian socio-political contexts, paving the way for a coherent environmental governance and it is more effective.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN Los desafíos ambientales relacionados con la conservación de la biodiversidad y la contaminación industrial se han vuelto cada vez más complejos, especialmente en Asia, donde el rápido crecimiento económico suele estar asociado a objetivos contrapuestos en materia de protección ambiental. La biodiversidad marina puede verse gravemente afectada por la contaminación industrial derivada de actividades marinas, como el trabajo con barcos pesqueros, cargueros y petroleros operados por marineros. Este estudio busca examinar comparativamente el papel de la resolución alternativa de disputas en la gestión de conflictos ambientales en diferentes países asiáticos. El término &#8220;resolución alternativa de disputas&#8221; (RAD) describe diversas técnicas utilizadas para resolver conflictos fuera de los tribunales convencionales. Este estudio examina el marco legal, las políticas y los procedimientos para abordar la RAD en diferentes países, centrándose en las fortalezas y debilidades de estos enfoques. Este estudio de caso sobre disputas relacionadas con la protección de la vida silvestre, la silvicultura, la gestión eficaz de residuos y el control de la contaminación, analiza la influencia cultural y política de la RAD en la resolución de disputas. Examina el impacto de los factores económicos. Los hallazgos arrojan luz sobre el potencial de la RAD para conciliar la protección ambiental con el desarrollo económico en contextos sociopolíticos asiáticos, allanando el camino hacia una gobernanza ambiental coherente y más eficaz.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[conservation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[seafarers]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[industrialization]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[urbanization]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[conservación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[marineros]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[industrialización]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[urbanización]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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