<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0188-4999</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista internacional de contaminación ambiental]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. Int. Contam. Ambient]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0188-4999</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y Cambio Climático]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0188-49992025000100119</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20937/rica.55235</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero en un campus universitario de Guatemala: bases para una huella de carbono neutral a 2040]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Greenhouse gas emissions of a university campus in Guatemala: Foundations for a carbon-neutral footprint by 2040]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gálvez-Campos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Byron]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sosa Escobar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Fabiola]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de León Alvarado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Andrés]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández Sosa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Derick]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Escalante Cantoral]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castañeda Gramajo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lucía]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González Rivera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Fátima]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Rafael Landívar Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Naturales y Tecnología ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ciudad de Guatemala Guatemala]]></addr-line>
<country>Guatemala</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Rafael Landívar, Vista Hermosa III Instituto de Estudios Institucionales ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ciudad de Guatemala Guatemala]]></addr-line>
<country>Guatemala</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Rafael Landívar Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Agrícolas ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ciudad de Guatemala Guatemala]]></addr-line>
<country>Guatemala</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>41</volume>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0188-49992025000100119&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0188-49992025000100119&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0188-49992025000100119&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN En los últimos años, los impactos del calentamiento global han aumentado y se han hecho más visibles a través de fenómenos climáticos extremos. Como parte de los compromisos voluntarios ante el Acuerdo de París, Guatemala se comprometió en 2021 a reducir 6.09 millones de tCO2 equivalentes para el año 2030. Entendiéndose como un sector que debe llevar la batuta en materia de diseño de estrategias de mitigación del cambio climático, muchas universidades alrededor del mundo se encuentran en procesos de establecimiento de líneas de base y, desde ahí, planteando escenarios a futuro para alcanzar la neutralidad en emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero (GEI). Es por esa razón que la Universidad Rafael Landívar de Guatemala (URL) plantea este proyecto de investigación para establecer su línea de base de emisiones de GEI. La metodología de cálculo de emisiones sigue las directrices del estándar ISO 14064-1 y el protocolo de GEI del Instituto Mundial de los Recursos y el Consejo Mundial Empresarial para el Desarrollo Sostenible. Los límites espaciales de esta investigación fueron definidos por las llamadas emisiones directas de alcance 1 e indirectas de alcance 2. En el año de base elegido (2019), las emisiones de GEI alcanzaron 2488.16 tCO2 equivalentes. La mayor parte de las emisiones están vinculadas al consumo de energía eléctrica, seguidas en orden descendente por las emisiones debidas al tratamiento de aguas residuales, fuentes móviles, equipos de refrigeración y aire acondicionado y las fuentes estacionarias. A partir de esta investigación, el Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Naturales y Tecnología plantea las primeras orientaciones para que la URL trace estrategias de mitigación del cambio climático en aras de alcanzar la neutralidad en sus operaciones al año 2040.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT In recent years, the impacts of global warming have increased and become more visible through extreme weather phenomena. As part of voluntary commitments under the Paris Agreement, Guatemala pledged in 2021 to reduce 6.09 million tCO2 equivalents by the year 2030. Recognizing itself as a sector that must lead in the design of climate change mitigation strategies, many universities around the world are in the process of establishing baseline emissions and, from there, proposing future scenarios to achieve neutrality in greenhouse gas emissions. That is why the Rafael Landívar University of Guatemala (URL) proposes this research project to establish its baseline greenhouse gas emissions. The emissions calculation methodology follows the guidelines of ISO 14064-1 standard and the Greenhouse Gas Protocol of the World Resources Institute and the World Business Council for Sustainable Development. The spatial boundaries of this research were defined by so-called Scope 1 direct emissions and Scope 2 indirect emissions. In the chosen base year (2019), greenhouse gas emissions reached 2488.16 tCO2 equivalent. The majority of emissions are linked to electricity consumption, followed in descending order by emissions from wastewater treatment, mobile sources, refrigeration and air conditioning equipment, and stationary sources. Based on this research, the Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Naturales y Tecnología (IARNA) presents initial guidelines for URL to develop climate change mitigation strategies in order to achieve operational neutrality by 2040.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[mitigación del cambio climático]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[emisiones de GEI]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[política ambiental]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[calentamiento global]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Acuerdo de París]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[climate change mitigation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[GHG emissions]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[environmental policy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[global warming]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Paris Agreement]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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