<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0188-4999</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista internacional de contaminación ambiental]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. Int. Contam. Ambient]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0188-4999</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y Cambio Climático]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0188-49992025000100108</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20937/rica.55128</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Riesgos asociados con la presencia de genes de resistencia a compuestos antimicrobianos en hortalizas fertilizadas con enmiendas de cerdo]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Risks associated with the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes in vegetables fertilized with pig manures]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Correa-Cabrera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Natalia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Katherine]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Olivares-Vera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Felipe]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zúñiga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alejandro]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Altimiras]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Francisco]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jaña]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Victor]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Victor]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Opazo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Cecilia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ávila]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Miguel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pozo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Talía del]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pavez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Leonardo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Mayor Facultad de Ciencias de Ingeniería y Tecnología Escuela de Agronomía]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Chile</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma de Chile Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Santiago ]]></addr-line>
<country>Chile</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro Regional de Investigación la Platina Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias Laboratorio de Biotecnología]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Santiago ]]></addr-line>
<country>Chile</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Bernardo O&#8217;Higgins Departamento de Ciencias Humanas ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Santiago ]]></addr-line>
<country>Chile</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Las Américas Facultad de Ingeniería y Negocios ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Santiago ]]></addr-line>
<country>Chile</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af6">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Las Américas Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Agronomía ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Santiago ]]></addr-line>
<country>Chile</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af7">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Las Américas Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Agronomía Núcleo de Investigaciones en Ciencias Biológicas]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Santiago ]]></addr-line>
<country>Chile</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>41</volume>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0188-49992025000100108&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0188-49992025000100108&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0188-49992025000100108&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN La producción intensiva de cerdos es un sistema para criar grandes cantidades de animales en instalaciones cerradas y controladas para maximizar el rendimiento y reducir los costos. Sin embargo, este enfoque ha sido criticado debido a preocupaciones sobre el bienestar animal, la sostenibilidad ambiental y el uso excesivo de antibióticos. Considerando la relevancia de este último punto, la presente revisión tuvo como objetivo evaluar la evidencia disponible sobre la presencia de genes de resistencia a compuestos antimicrobianos en cultivos de hortalizas destinadas al consumo humano, que fueron previamente fertilizadas con enmiendas de cerdo. Para ello, se analizó una selección de artículos científicos obtenidos de la base de datos &#8220;Web of Science&#8221;, los cuales proporcionaron información sobre quince especies vegetales examinadas y la presencia de genes de resistencia a antibióticos (GRA). Estos genes se clasificaron según la familia de antibióticos a los que presentan resistencia y el mecanismo de resistencia involucrado. Los análisis revelaron que las hortalizas Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis y Allium tuberosum exhibieron una mayor abundancia de genes de resistencia relacionados con diversas familias de antibióticos, identificándose un total de siete. En específico, los genes se asociaron principalmente con los grupos de las tetraciclinas, sulfonamidas, cloranfenicoles, aminoglucósidos y betalactámicos. En cuanto a los mecanismos de resistencia identificados prevaleció el de expulsión por bombas de efluido. Estos resultados sugieren que el consumo de hortalizas fertilizadas con enmiendas de cerdo tiene el potencial de convertirse en una vía para la propagación de genes de resistencia a compuestos antimicrobianos, con el consiguiente riesgo potencial para la salud de los consumidores. En consecuencia, es crucial implementar medidas adecuadas de manejo y tratamiento de las enmiendas utilizadas en la agricultura, junto con regular el uso excesivo de antibióticos en la industria animal.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT Intensive pig production is a farming system aimed at raising large numbers of animals in enclosed and controlled facilities to maximize performance and reduce costs. However, this approach has been criticized due to concerns about animal welfare, environmental sustainability, and overuse of antibiotics. Considering the relevance of the latter, this bibliographic review aimed to evaluate the available evidence on antimicrobial resistance genes in vegetables intended for human consumption, which were previously fertilized with organic amendments from pig manure. For this purpose, a selection of scientific articles obtained from the &#8220;Web of Science&#8221;; website was analyzed, which provided information on fifteen vegetables, and the presence of antibiotic resistance genes. These genes were classified according to the family of antibiotics to which they present resistance to, and the resistance mechanism involved. The analyses revealed that the vegetables Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis and Allium tuberosum showed a higher abundance of resistance genes related to various families of antibiotics, identifying a total of seven. In particular, the genes were mainly associated with the groups of tetracyclines, sulfonamides, chloramphenicols, aminoglycosides, and beta-lactams. Regarding the identified resistance mechanisms, the expulsion by efflux bombs were the most prevalent. These results suggest that the consumption of vegetables fertilized with organic amendments from pig manure could become a route for the propagation of antimicrobial resistance genes, representing a potential risk to consumer health. Consequently, it is crucial to implement adequate management and treatment measures for organic amendments used in agriculture, along with regulating the overuse of antibiotics in the animal industry.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[resistoma]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[contaminación de hortalizas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[estiércol de cerdos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[resistencia antimicrobiana]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Resitome]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[vegetable contamination]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[pig manure]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[antimicrobial resistance]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Domínguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Microbial and nutrient stabilization of two animal manures after the transit through the gut of the earthworm Eisenia fetida (Savigny, 1826)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Hazardous Materials]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>161</volume>
<numero>2-3</numero>
<issue>2-3</issue>
<page-range>1234-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Akimova]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gassner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Greil]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zaborsky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Geisberger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Detecting bacterial-human lateral gene transfer in chronic lymphocytic leukemia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Molecular Sciences]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Álvarez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Otero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lema]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Omil]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The effect and fate of antibiotics during the anaerobic digestion of pig manure]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Bioresource Technology]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>101</volume>
<numero>22</numero>
<issue>22</issue>
<page-range>8581-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chee-Sanford]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mackie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Koike]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Krapac]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yannarell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maxwell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aminov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Fate and transport of antibiotic residues and antibiotic resistance genes following land application of manure waste]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Environmental Quality]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>38</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>1086-108</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Q. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cui]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Su]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. Q.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Penuelas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Antibiotic resistomes in plant microbiomes]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Trends in Plant Science]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>530-41</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Culyba]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kohli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Targets for combating the evolution of acquired antibiotic resistance]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Biochemistry]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>54</volume>
<numero>23</numero>
<issue>23</issue>
<page-range>3573-82</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. A. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oliveira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. N. L. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. P. A. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oliveira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chaves]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Resistência a antimicrobianos: a formulação da resposta no âmbito da saúde global]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Saúde em Debate]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>44</volume>
<page-range>607-23</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[da Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arenas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Luiza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bermudez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. A. Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Clarke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Regulations on the use of antibiotics in livestock production in South America: A comparative literature analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Antibiotics]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Diehl]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[LaPara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effect of temperature on the fate of genes encoding tetracycline resistance and the integrase of class 1 integrons within anaerobic and aerobic digesters treating municipal wastewater solids]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Environmental Science and Technology]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>44</volume>
<numero>23</numero>
<issue>23</issue>
<page-range>9128-33</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Engemann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Keen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Knapp]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hall]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Graham]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Fate of tetracycline resistance genes in aquatic systems: Migration from the water column to peripheral biofilms]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Environmental Science and Technology]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>42</volume>
<numero>14</numero>
<issue>14</issue>
<page-range>5131-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hirzel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salazar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Guía de manejo y buenas prácticas de aplicación de enmiendas orgánicas en agricultura]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<edition>1a.</edition>
<page-range>325</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Chillán, Chile ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Boletín INIA]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huddleston]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Horizontal gene transfer in the human gastrointestinal tract: Potential spread of antibiotic resistance genes]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Infection and Drug Resistance]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<page-range>167-76</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jamieson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gordon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sharples]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stratton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Madani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Movement and persistence of fecal bacteria in agricultural soils and subsurface drainage water: A review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Canadian Biosystems Engineering]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>44</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>1-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kanis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Groen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Greef]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Societal concerns about pork and pork production and their relationships to the production system]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<page-range>137-62</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kaviani Rad]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Balasundram]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Azizi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Afsharyzad]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zarei]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Etesami]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shamshiri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[An overview of antibiotic resistance and abiotic stresses affecting antimicrobial resistance in agricultural soils]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kapoor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saigal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Elongavan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Action and resistance mechanisms of antibiotics: A guide for clinicians]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Anaesthesiology Clinical Pharmacology]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lerner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Matthias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aminov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Potential effects of horizontal gene exchange in the human gut]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Frontiers in Immunology]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>8</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Long-term manure application increased the levels of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes in a greenhouse soil]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Applied Soil Ecology]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>121</volume>
<page-range>193-200</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lima]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Domingues]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Da Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Manure as a potential hotspot for antibiotic resistance dissemination by horizontal gene transfer events]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Veterinary Sciences]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>110</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Synergistic effects of key parameters on the fate of antibiotic resistance genes during swine manure composting]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Environmental Pollution]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>252</volume>
<page-range>1277-87</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mitchell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ullman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bary]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cogger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Teel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Watts]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Antibiotic degradation during thermophilic composting]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Water, Air, and Soil Pollution]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>226</volume>
<page-range>1-12</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ngangom]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tamunjoh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. S. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boyom]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Antibiotic residues in food animals: Public health concern]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Acta Ecologica Sinica]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>39</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>411-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oliver]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gooch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lansing]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schueler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hurst]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sassoubre]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Crossette]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Invited review: Fate of antibiotic residues, antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and antibiotic resistance genes in US dairy manure management systems]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Dairy Science]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>103</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>1051-71</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peak]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Knapp]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hanfelt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Smith]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Graham]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Abundance of six tetracycline resistance genes in wastewater lagoons at cattle feedlots with different antibiotic use strategies]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Environmental Microbiology]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>143-51</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Song]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Influence of zeolite and superphosphate as additives on antibiotic resistance genes and bacterial communities during factory-scale chicken manure composting]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Bioresource Technology]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>263</volume>
<page-range>393-401</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Riley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sieber]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Robinson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[White]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ganesan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nourbakhsh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dunning Hotopp]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Bacteria-human somatic cell lateral gene transfer is enriched in cancer samples]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[PLoS Computational Biology]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sultan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rahman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Siddiqui]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mondal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Haq]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Q. M. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Antibiotics, resistome and resistance mechanisms: A bacterial perspective]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Frontiers in Microbiology]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>9</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sun]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Qian]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Duan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mechanism and effect of temperature on variations in antibiotic resistance genes during anaerobic digestion of dairy manure]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Scientific Reports]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Uddin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chakraborty]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Khusro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zidan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. R. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mitra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Emran]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dhama]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ripon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gajdács]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sahibzada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. U. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hossain]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Koirala]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Antibiotic resistance in microbes: History, mechanisms, therapeutic strategies and future prospects]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Infection and Public Health]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>12</numero>
<issue>12</issue>
<page-range>1750-66</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xiong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sun]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Characterization of antimicrobial resistance genes and class 1 integrase gene in raw meat and aquatic product, fresh vegetable and fruit, and swine manure in southern China]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Food Control]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>104</volume>
<page-range>240-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Willemsen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reid]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Assefa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A review of national action plans on antimicrobial resistance: Strengths and weaknesses]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zalewska]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[B&#322;a&#380;ejewska]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Czapko]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Popowska]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes in animal manure-consequences of its application in agriculture]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Frontiers in Microbiology]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>12</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sun]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Compost-bulking agents reduce the reservoir of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes in manures by modifying bacterial microbiota]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Science of the Total Environment]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>649</volume>
<page-range>396-404</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Residues of veterinary antibiotics in manures from feedlot livestock in eight provinces of China]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Science of the Total Environment]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>408</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>1069-75</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Delgado-Baquerizo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Su]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. Q.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ding]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gillings]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Penuelas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Deciphering potential roles of earthworms in mitigation of antibiotic resistance in the soils from diverse ecosystems]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Environmental Science and Technology]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>55</volume>
<numero>11</numero>
<issue>11</issue>
<page-range>7445-55</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Johnson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Su]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. Q.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Qiao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. X.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stedtfeld]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hashsham]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tiedje]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Diverse and abundant antibiotic resistance genes in Chinese swine farms]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>110</volume>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
<page-range>3435-40</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
