<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0188-4999</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista internacional de contaminación ambiental]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. Int. Contam. Ambient]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0188-4999</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y Cambio Climático]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0188-49992025000100103</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20937/rica.55086</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Formulación de hongos y nematodos entomopatógenos para el control de Heliothis virescens (Fabricius) en tomate]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Formulation of entomopathogenic fungus and nematodes for the control of Heliothis virescens (Fabricius) in tomato]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García Gutiérrez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Cipriano]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meza Villezcas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Héctor Manuel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez-Álvarez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sandra]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cortez Mondaca]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Edgardo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Guasave Sinaloa]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua Facultad de Ciencias Agrícolas y Forestales ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Delicias Chihuahua]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Sinaloa]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>41</volume>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0188-49992025000100103&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0188-49992025000100103&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0188-49992025000100103&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN Se evaluó en laboratorio la patogenicidad de un formulado en emulsión del hongo Metarhizium anisopliae y la virulencia de los nematodos Steinernema riobrave y Rhabditis blumi en cápsulas de alginato contra larvas de tercer instar del gusano del fruto del tomate Heliothis virescens (Fabricius). Se determinó el porcentaje de mortalidad de larvas a diferentes tiempos. En campo, se evaluó la efectividad de los tratamientos testigo (agua), Abatec (control químico), M. anisopliae en emulsión, M. anisopliae Metasin y S. riobrave encapsulado para el control de H. virescens. En laboratorio, M. anisopliae en emulsión causó 90 % de mortalidad de larvas a una concentración de 1 × 108 esporas/mL a las 120 h, mientras que en S. riobrave encapsulado fue de 100 % y en R. blumi de 85 % a dosis de 100 y 500 juveniles infectivos/mL post infección a las 144 h. En campo, Abatec mostró la menor cantidad de frutos dañados por el gusano del fruto (2.31 t/ha), seguido de S. riobrave encapsulado (2.7 t/ha), M. anisopliae en emulsión (2.85 t/ha) y M. anisopliae (3.5 t/ha). En la producción total de tomate no hubo diferencias significativas, pero si entre los frutos de calidad comercial, siendo Abatec el mejor tratamiento seguido de M. anisopliae en emulsión, S. riobrave encapsulado y M. anisopliae. La formulación de M. anisopliae en emulsión y la de S. riobrave encapsulado fueron efectivas para el control del gusano del fruto H. virescens a las dosis evaluadas.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT In the laboratory, the pathogenicity of an emulsion formulation of the fungus Metarhizium anisopliae and the virulence of the nematodes Steinernema riobrave and Rhabditis blumi in alginate capsules were tested against three instar larvae of the fruit tomato worm Heliothis virescens (Fabricius). The percentage of larvae mortality at different times was determined. The treatments&#8217; effectivity was evaluated in the field: control (water), Abatec (chemical control). M. anisopliae in emulsion, M. anisopliae Metasin, and encapsulated S. riobrave. In the laboratory, M. anisopliae in emulsion caused 90% of larvae mortality at a concentration of 1 × 108 spores/mL at 120 h, while encapsulated S. riobrave caused 100% mortality, and R. blumi 85% at a dose of 100 and 500 infective juvenile/mL post-infection at 144 h. In the field, Abatec showed less fruit damage by fruit worms (2.310 t/ha), followed by encapsulated S. riobrave (2.7 t/ha), M. anisopliae in emulsion (2.850 t/ha), and M. anisopliae (3.5 t/ha). No statistical differences were found in the tomato production, unlike the observed effects in commercial fruit quality, since the better treatment was Abatec followed by M. anisopliae in emulsion, encapsulated S. riobrave, and M. anisopliae. The formulations of M. anisopliae in emulsion and encapsulated S. riobrave were effective against the fruit worm H. virescens at the evaluated doses.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[gusano del fruto]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[emulsión]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[hortalizas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[control biológico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[bioinsecticidas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[fruit worm]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[emulsion vegetables]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[biological control]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[bioinsecticides]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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