<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0188-4999</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista internacional de contaminación ambiental]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. Int. Contam. Ambient]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0188-4999</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y Cambio Climático]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0188-49992020000300657</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20937/rica.53612</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[METALES PESADOS Y BIOMARCADORES DE ESTRÉS OXIDATIVO EN LA ALMEJA Tivela mactroides (Born, 1778)]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[HEAVY METALS AND BIOMARKERS OF OXIDATIVE STRESS IN TRIGONAL CLAM Tivela mactroides (Born, 1778)]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zapata-Vívenes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Edgar]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rojas-de Astudillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luisa]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Wladimir]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Técnica de Manabí Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias Escuela de Acuicultura y Pesquería]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Oriente Núcleo de Sucre Departamento de Química]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Venezuela</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Oriente Núcleo de Sucre Departamento de Biología]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Venezuela</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>36</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>657</fpage>
<lpage>666</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0188-49992020000300657&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0188-49992020000300657&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0188-49992020000300657&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN Con el objetivo de cuantificar los niveles de metales pesados (Cd, Pb, Cu y Zn) en el tejido blando de la almeja Tivela mactroides de playa Caicara (Venezuela), así como algunos biomarcadores moleculares de estrés oxidativo en la glándula digestiva de este organismo durante distintas temporadas pluviométricas, se procedió a recolectar de 90 a 100 ejemplares durante agosto y diciembre de 2007 (lluvias moderadas y transición lluvia-sequía, respectivamente), así como en abril y julio de 2008 (sequía y lluvias intensas, respectivamente). Las medidas de metales pesados se realizaron por espectrometría de emisión óptica con plasma acoplado inductivamente, y los contenidos de metalotioneínas (MT), tioles totales (-SHT), tioles libres (-SHL), proteínas totales (PT) y substancias reactivas al ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS) se determinaron por métodos colorimétricos. Las concentraciones de Cd, Pb y Cu se incrementaron en los periodos de lluvias y las de Zn en la transición lluvia-sequía. Los niveles de Cd y Pb en T. mactroides fueron altos en comparación con almejas provenientes de otras zonas costeras de Venezuela, excediendo los valores establecidos por organizaciones internacionales, especialmente durante el periodo de máxima pluviosidad. Los niveles de MT, -SHL y TBARS no mostraron variaciones significativas entre épocas de recolección; sin embargo, los niveles de -SHT disminuyeron en el máximo periodo lluvioso. Los resultados de los biomarcadores de estrés oxidativo no mostraron indicios de alteraciones moleculares relacionadas con contaminación; sin embargo, los niveles acumulados de Cd y Pb señalan una alarma de disponibilidad e ingreso de xenobióticos de origen antrópico.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT To evaluate the levels of heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Cu y Zn) in edible tissue, as well as some molecular biomarkers of oxidative stress, in the digestive gland of the triagonal clam Tivela mactroides from Caicara beach (Venezuela) during different pluviometric seasons, we proceeded to collect between 90 and 100 organisms during August and December 2007 (moderate rain and rain-drought transition, respectively), and April and July 2008 (drought and intense rain, respectively). Heavy metal levels were measured by inductively coupled optical emission spectrometry, while the concentrations of metallothioneins (MTs), total thiols (-SHT), free thiols (-SHF), total proteins (PT), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were determined by colorimetric methods. Cd, Pb and Cu concentrations increased in rainfall periods and Zn in the rain-drought transition. Cd and Pb concentrations in T. mactroides were elevated in comparison with clams collected from other Venezuelan coastal areas, exceeding the values suggested by international organizations, especially during the maximal rainfall period. MT, -SHF and TBARS concentrations did not show significant variations between collection periods; however, -SHT decreased in the period of maximum precipitation. The results of oxidative stress biomarkers did not indicate molecular alterations by contamination; however, accumulated levels of Cd and Pb are a signal of alarm of bioavailability and entrance of xenobiotics of anthropogenic origin.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[metalotioneínas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[lipoperoxidación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[tioles]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[proteínas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[xenobióticos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[metallothionein]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[lipoperoxidation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[thiols]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[protein]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[xenobiotics]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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