<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0188-4999</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista internacional de contaminación ambiental]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. Int. Contam. Ambient]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0188-4999</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y Cambio Climático]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0188-49992019000400787</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20937/rica.2019.35.04.01</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[EVALUACIÓN DE RIESGOS A LA SALUD DE LACTANTES EXPUESTOS A METALES TRAZA EN LECHE MATERNA]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT OF CHILDREN BY MATERNAL MILK CONSUMPTION WITH CONTENT OF HEAVY METALS]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zapata-Rivera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Andrés Mauricio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quimbayo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Pauly Melissa]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mendéz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Fabian]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ordoñez-Betancourth]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jenny Elizabeth]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abrahams-Chow]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Nathalie]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Páez-Melo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Martha Isabel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad del Valle Instituto Cinara Grupo de investigación en Saneamiento Ambiental]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Cali ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad del Valle Grupo de Investigación en Contaminación Ambiental por Metales y Plaguicidas ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Cali ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad del Valle Grupo Epidemiología y Salud Poblacional ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Cali ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>35</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<fpage>787</fpage>
<lpage>796</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0188-49992019000400787&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0188-49992019000400787&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0188-49992019000400787&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el riesgo en la salud de lactantes de menos de un mes a 24 meses de edad por ingesta de leche materna con contenido de cadmio (Cd), mercurio (Hg) y plomo (Pb). Se cuantificó el riesgo de efectos no carcinogénicos (REN) usando modelación probabilística con el programa Crystal Ball®, siguiendo los lineamientos del modelo de la Agencia de Protección Ambiental de Estados Unidos (USEPA). El promedio de los niveles máximos medidos de Cd (8.87 &#956;g/kg), Hg (20.88 &#956;g/kg) y Pb (37.29 &#956;g/kg) estuvo 5, 21 y 19 veces, respectivamente, por encima de los límites máximos permitidos por la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Con relación al riesgo, los valores asociados con el contenido de al menos uno de los metales en leche materna pudieran superar en cada lugar de muestreo y cada subgrupo de lactantes los límites máximos permitidos por la USEPA (REN &#8805; 1). Se presentó la primera evidencia de contaminación por metales pesados en leche materna de mujeres que viven en la ribera del río Cauca. En casos aislados, los lactantes expuestos por ingesta de esta leche, exceden el consumo tolerable de dichos contaminantes. Tomando en cuenta el peor escenario, los niños de la zona presentan riesgo no cancerígeno superior al máximo permitido. Se confirma la necesidad de acciones de mitigación para reducir potenciales riesgos a la salud de los lactantes. Esto no debe conducir a la sustitución de la lactancia como medida adecuada, sino a establecer políticas integrales que disminuyan las inequidades ambientales y de salud.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to assess the health risk of infants between 0 and 24 months of age due to ingestion of breast milk containing cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb). The non-carcinogenic risk (NCR) was quantified using probabilistic models with the Crystal Ball® program, following the model guidelines of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). The average of the maximum measured levels of Cd (8.87 &#956;g/kg) Hg, (20.88 &#956;g/kg) and Pb (37.29 &#956;g/kg) was 5, 21 and 19 times, respectively, above the maximum limits allowed by the World Health Organization. Regarding risk, the values associated with the content of at least one of the metals in breast milk could exceed the maximum limits allowed by the USEPA at each sampling site and each subgroup of babies (NCR &#8805; 1). The first evidence of contamination by heavy metals in the breast milk of women living on the banks of the Cauca river was presented. In isolated cases, babies exposed by the intake of this milk, exceed the tolerable consumption of these contaminants. Taking into account the worst scenario, children in the area present a non-carcinogenic risk higher than the maximum allowed. The need of mitigation actions is confirmed for reducing potential risks to the health of infants. This should not lead to replace breastfeeding as an adequate measure, but to establish comprehensive policies aimed to reduce environmental and health inequities.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[río Cauca]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[cadmio]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[mercurio]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[plomo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[salud ambiental]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[estudios poblacionales]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Cauca river]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[cadmium]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[mercury]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[lead]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[environmental health]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[population studies]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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