<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0188-4999</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista internacional de contaminación ambiental]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. Int. Contam. Ambient]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0188-4999</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y Cambio Climático]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0188-49992019000100115</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20937/rica.2019.35.01.08</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[ACETILCOLINESTERASA DE Eisenia foetida COMO INDICADOR DE CONTAMINACIÓN POR PLAGUICIDAS ORGANOFOSFORADOS]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE FROM Eisenia foetida AS POLLUTION INDICATOR OF ORGANOPHOSPHATE PESTICIDES]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Galindo-Guzmán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Magdalena]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Flores-Loyola]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Erika]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gallegos-Robles]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Miguel Ángel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fortis-Hernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Manuel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Figueroa-Viramontes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Uriel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vázquez-Vázquez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Cirilo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango Facultad de Agricultura y Zootecnia ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Gómez Palacio Durango]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Torreón Coahuila]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Tecnológico de Torreón División de Estudios de Posgrad ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Torreón Coahuila]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias Campo Experimental La Laguna ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Matamoros Coahuila]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>35</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>115</fpage>
<lpage>124</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0188-49992019000100115&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0188-49992019000100115&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0188-49992019000100115&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN Entre los plaguicidas inhibidores de la acetilcolinesterasa más usados en la actualidad, y a su vez los más tóxicos, se encuentran los organofosforados. La enzima acetilcolinesterasa (AChE) es ampliamente utilizada para la detección de contaminantes organofosforados, ya que éstos son inhibidores de su actividad. La lombriz de tierra (Eisenia foetida) es una fuente de esta enzima, ya que las AChE presentes en estas lombrices son susceptibles a dicho efecto. En este trabajo se preparó un concentrado enzimático de acetilcolinesterasa de E. foetida, con el cual se evaluó el efecto inhibitorio de plaguicidas organofosforados comerciales como malatión, diazinón, metamidofos y dimetoato, así como su selectividad al utilizar plaguicidas organoclorados, carbamatos y piretroides. La actividad de acetilcolinesterasa se midió usando acetato de indoxilo como sustrato cromogénico. Los resultados mostraron que todos los plaguicidas organofosforados ensayados en concentraciones de 1 a 10 mg/L fueron capaces de disminuir la actividad de acetilcolinesterasa en porcentajes de 36 ± 16 % en promedio, mientras que los carbamatos inhibieron sólo ligeramente la actividad enzimática en un 16 ± 7 %. Los organoclorados y piretroides por su parte presentaron efecto inhibitorio poco o no significativo de 1 ± 5 % para cualquiera de las concentraciones ensayadas debido a que el modo de acción de los grupos de plaguicidas es diferente. Por este motivo, la actividad de la enzima no se ve afectada de manera significativa y continúa catalizando la descomposición del acetato de indoxilo aun en presencia de plaguicidas con grupos químicos diferentes a los organofosforados, lo cual obedece a la selectividad de la acetilcolinesterasa frente a este tipo de inhibidores.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT Organophosphates are among the most used and the most toxic pesticides that inhibit acetylcholinesterase. The enzyme aceticolinesterase (AChE) is widely used to detect organophosphate pollutants because they are inhibitors of its activity. A source of this enzyme is present in Eisenia foetida, being the AChEs of these earthworms susceptible to this effect. In this work, an enzymatic concentrate of acetylcholinesterase was prepared from E. foetida. The inhibitory effect of commercial organophosphorus pesticides as malathion, diazinon, methamidophos and dimethoate on its enzymatic activity was evaluated, as well as its selectivity when using organochlorine, carbamate and pyrethroid pesticides. Acetylcholinesterase activity was measured using indoxyl acetate as chromogenic substrate. Results showed that all organophosphorus pesticides tested, in concentrations between 1-10 mg/L, were able to decrease acetylcholinesterase activity in percentages of 36 ± 16 % on average. On the other hand, carbamates slightly inhibited the enzymatic activity in a 16 ± 7 %, and organochlorines and pyrethroids showed a little or no significant inhibitory effect of 1 ± 5 % for any tested concentrations. This is because the mode of action of each group of pesticides is different. For this reason, the activity of the enzyme is not significantly affected and it remains catalyzing the decomposition of indoxyl acetate even in the presence of pesticides with chemical groups different to organophosphates, which is indicative of acetylcholinesterase selectivity against this specific type of inhibitors.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[inhibición enzimática]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[acetato de indoxilo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[actividad enzimática]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[inhibidores organofosforados]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[selectividad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[enzymatic inhibition]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[indoxyl acetate]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[enzymatic activity]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[organophosphorus inhibitors]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[selectivity]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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