<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0188-4999</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista internacional de contaminación ambiental]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. Int. Contam. Ambient]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0188-4999</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y Cambio Climático]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0188-49992018000300453</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20937/rica.2018.34.03.08</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[EVALUACIÓN DE UN PROCESO INDUSTRIAL DE PRODUCCIÓN DE BIODIÉSEL MEDIANTE ANÁLISIS DE CICLO DE VIDA]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[ANALYSIS OF AN INDUSTRIAL BIODIESEL PRODUCTION PROCESS BY LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carlos Hernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Salvador]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Díaz Jiménez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María de Lourdes Virginia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Politécnico Nacional Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Coahuila]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>34</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>453</fpage>
<lpage>465</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0188-49992018000300453&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0188-49992018000300453&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0188-49992018000300453&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN En este documento se presenta un análisis de ciclo de vida de un proceso de producción de biodiésel a partir de grasas residuales vegetales. El objetivo fue evaluar el desempeño ambiental del proceso e identificar oportunidades de mejora. Las grasas provienen de la industria restaurantera de la zona metropolitana de Tijuana, Baja California, México y son procesadas por la empresa Enremex S. de R. L. de C. V. Se emplea la reacción de transesterificación con catalizador homogéneo para producir cada año 1 200 000 L de biodiésel y aproximadamente 240 000 L de glicerol crudo. Como alternativa al catalizador homogéneo, se propone la aplicación de un catalizador heterogéneo basado en una zeolita natural. Para lo cual se realizaron experimentos a nivel laboratorio. Respecto a la evaluación del impacto ambiental, el proceso se dividió en tres etapas: a) recolección de materia prima, b) producción de biodiésel y c) manejo de residuos. Asimismo, se consideraron dos escenarios: 1) transesterificación con catalizador homogéneo, 2) transesterificación con catalizador heterogéneo. Los resultados indican que la etapa de producción tiene la mayor contribución en el impacto global del proceso. Asimismo, el uso del catalizador heterogéneo disminuye en gran medida el impacto ambiental negativo en comparación con el catalizador homogéneo.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT This document focuses on a life cycle assessment of a biodiesel production process from vegetal waste fats. The goal was to evaluate the environmental performance of the process and to identify opportunities to improve it. Those wastes are originated by the restaurant industry on the urban zone of Tijuana, Mexico and they are processed by Enremex S. de R. L. de C. V. A transesterification reaction with homogeneous catalyst is used to produce 1 200 000 L of biodiesel and around 240 000 L of glycerol per year. As an alternative to the homogeneous catalyst, a based natural zeolite heterogeneous catalyst is proposed. Then, a series of laboratory experiments were performed. Concerning the environmental assessment, the biodiesel production process was separated in three steps: a) raw material collection, b) biodiesel production, and c) wastes management. In addition, two scenarios were considered: 1) transesterification with homogeneous catalyst, 2) transesterification with heterogeneous catalyst. The results show that the production stage is the one that contributes the most on the environmental impact. Also, the use of a heterogeneous catalyst reduces the environmental impact in comparison with the homogeneous one.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[impacto ambiental]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[biocombustible]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[grasa residual]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[environmental impact]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[biofuel]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[waste fat]]></kwd>
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</article-meta>
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