<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0188-4999</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista internacional de contaminación ambiental]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. Int. Contam. Ambient]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0188-4999</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y Cambio Climático]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0188-49992017000200325</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20937/rica.2017.33.02.13</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[ESTIMACIÓN DE EMISIONES DE MERCURIO EN LAS PLANTAS CARBOELÉCTRICAS DE MÉXICO]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[ESTIMATION OF MERCURY EMISSIONS IN THE CARBOELECTRIC PLANTS OF MEXICO]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sosa Echeverría]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rodolfo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bravo Alvarez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Humberto]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fuentes García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gilberto]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rosas de Alva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sergio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Granados Hernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Elías]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez Alvarez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Pablo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ciudad de México ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Comisión Federal de Electricidad Subdirección de Generación ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ciudad de México ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>33</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>325</fpage>
<lpage>336</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0188-49992017000200325&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0188-49992017000200325&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0188-49992017000200325&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN Reducir las emisiones de mercurio en la atmósfera es uno de los acuerdos tomados en la Convención Internacional de Minamata, llevada a cabo en Kumamoto Japón en 2013. Ante este compromiso se estableció como objetivo principal de este estudio la estimación de la variación temporal mensual de las emisiones de mercurio por unidad de generación para cada una de las tres carboeléctricas en México, durante los años 2012 y 2013. Las emisiones se estimaron con base en el procedimiento de la Agencia de Protección Ambiental de los EUA (USEPA), a partir del contenido de mercurio en el carbón y aplicando factores de emisión, conociendo el consumo real del combustible. Los resultados muestran que la mayor emisión se presentó en la carboeléctrica localizada en Petacalco, Guerrero, siendo la unidad de generación número siete la que tuvo una mayor emisión. Además, en todos los casos fue durante el verano cuando una mayor cantidad de mercurio fue emitido debido a un mayor requerimiento de energía eléctrica. Este estudio es importante como herramienta preliminar en la toma de decisiones en el proceso de prevención, minimización y control de contaminantes tóxicos, que se alinea con los acuerdos internacionales para la protección del ambiente y de la sociedad.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT To reduce mercury emissions in the atmosphere is one of the agreements reached at the International Convention of Minamata, held in Kumamoto, Japan in 2013. In view of this commitment the main objective of this study was estimating monthly temporal variation of mercury emissions per generation unit for each of the three coal-fired power plants in Mexico during the years 2012 and 2013. Emissions were estimated based on the method of the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), from mercury content in coal and emission factors, knowing the actual fuel consumption. The results show that the greatest emission was presented in the coal-fired power plant located in Petacalco, Guerrero, with the generating unit number seven presenting the major emissions. Furthermore, in all cases it was during the summer when a major amount of mercury was emitted due to a large requirement of electricity. This study is important as a preliminary tool for decision making in the process of prevention, minimization and control of toxic pollutants, which contribute to international agreements for the protection of the environment and society.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[carbón]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[contaminación atmosférica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[contaminantes atmosféricos tóxicos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[factores de emisión]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[generación de electricidad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[coal]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[atmospheric pollution]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[toxic air pollutants]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[emission factors]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[electricity generation]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Energy statistics of OECD countries]]></article-title>
<collab>AIE</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Agencia Internacional de Energía]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bravo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sosa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Manjarrez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.C.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fuentes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Estimación de emisiones de mercurio (Hg) producto de la operación de Centrales Carboeléctricas en México]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sección de Contaminación Ambiental, Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, UNAM-Comisión Federal de Electricidad]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Inventario preliminar de emisiones atmosféricas de mercurio en México]]></article-title>
<collab>CCA</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Comisión para la Cooperación Ambiental]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Emisiones atmosféricas de las centrales eléctricas en América del Norte]]></article-title>
<collab>CEC</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Commission for Environmental Cooperation]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<page-range>80</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Boletín de Prensa]]></article-title>
<collab>CFE</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Comisión Federal de Electricidad]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[AMAP Mercury, Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Program Mercury inventory, for years 1995 and 2000]]></article-title>
<collab>ECCAD</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Emissions of Atmospheric Compounds and Compilation of Ancillary Data]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Locating and estimating air emissions from sources of mercury and mercury compounds]]></article-title>
<collab>EPA</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Environment Protection Agency]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Characterization of coal combustion residues from electric utilities - leaching and characterization data]]></article-title>
<collab>EPA</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Environmental Protection Agency]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Emissions factors &amp; AP 42, compilation of air pollutant emission factors]]></article-title>
<collab>EPA</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Environment Protection Agency]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mercury emission from coal-fired power plants in Poland]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Glodek]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pacyna]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Atmosp. Environ.]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>43</volume>
<numero>35</numero>
<issue>35</issue>
<page-range>5668-73</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El sector eléctrico en el mundo y en México]]></article-title>
<collab>INE</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Instituto Nacional de Ecología]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Introducción a la contaminación por mercurio para las ONG]]></article-title>
<collab>IPEN</collab>
<source><![CDATA[International POPs Elimination Network]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mercurio y metales tóxicos en cenizas provenientes de procesos de combustión e incineración]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mugica]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Amador]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Torres]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Figueroa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Rev. Int. Contam. Ambie.]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<page-range>93-100</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Summary of recent mercury emission limits for power plants in the United States and China]]></article-title>
<collab>NRDC</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Natural Resources Defense Council]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mercurio, evaluación de la carga de morbilidad ambiental a nivel nacional y local]]></article-title>
<collab>OMS</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Organización Mundial de la Salud]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Global anthropogenic mercury emission inventory for 2000]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pacyna]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pacyna]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Steenhuisen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wilson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Atmos. Environ.]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>40</volume>
<numero>22</numero>
<issue>22</issue>
<page-range>4048-63</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Global mercury emissions to the atmosphere from anthropogenic and natural sources]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pirrone]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cinnirella]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Feng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Finkelman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Friedlin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leaner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mason]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mukherjee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stracher]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Streets]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Telmer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Atmos. Chem. and Phys.]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>13</numero>
<issue>13</issue>
<page-range>5951-64</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Convenio de Minamata sobre mercurio: textos y anexos]]></article-title>
<collab>PNUMA</collab>
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Perfil del mercado del carbón. Coordinación general de minería]]></article-title>
<collab>SE</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Secretaría de Economía]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Balance nacional de energía. Comercio exterior de energía primaria]]></article-title>
<collab>SENER</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Secretaría de Energía]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<page-range>138</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Ciudad de México, México]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Balance nacional de energía. Comercio exterior de energía primaria]]></article-title>
<collab>SENER</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Secretaría de Energía]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Capacidad efectiva de generación]]></article-title>
<collab>SENER</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Sector Eléctrico Nacional, Subsecretaría de Electricidad]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Datos técnicos de las principales centrales de la CFE en operación en 2014]]></article-title>
<collab>SENER</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Sector Eléctrico Nacional, Subsecretaría de Electricidad]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Consumo de combustibles]]></article-title>
<collab>SENER</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Sector Eléctrico Nacional, Subsecretaría de Electricidad]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Workbook. Coal consumption. I St James´s Square London SW1Y 4PD]]></article-title>
<collab>SRWE</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Statistical Review of World Energy]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Projections of global mercury emissions in 2050]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Streets]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Q]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Environ. Sci. Technol.]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>43</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>2983-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Atmospheric emissions estimation of Hg, As, and Se from coal-fired power plants in China, 2007]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tian]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xue]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Qu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Science of the Total Environment]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>409</volume>
<numero>16</numero>
<issue>16</issue>
<page-range>3078-81</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Mercury emission and its control in chinese coal-fired power plants]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<page-range>154</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Hangzhou. Springer, Zhejiang, China ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Zhejiang University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
