<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0188-4999</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista internacional de contaminación ambiental]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. Int. Contam. Ambient]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0188-4999</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y Cambio Climático]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0188-49992016000300281</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20937/RICA.2016.32.03.03</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Evaluación hidráulica de un reactor anaerobio de flujo ascendente (RAFA) usando un modelo de dispersión axial]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Hydraulic evaluation of an upflow anaerobic sludge blanked reactor (UASB) using an axial dispersion model]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez Montiel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jhonny Isaac]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aldana Villasmil]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gerardo José]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rojano Alvarado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Roberto Eliecer]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de La Guajira Facultad de Ingeniería Grupo de Investigación en Sistemas Ambientales]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Riohacha ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad del Zulia Facultad de Ingeniería ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Maracaibo ]]></addr-line>
<country>Venezuela</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>32</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>281</fpage>
<lpage>291</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0188-49992016000300281&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0188-49992016000300281&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0188-49992016000300281&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN: La hidráulica, junto con los procesos bioquímicos tiene una importancia esencial en la eficiencia de los sistemas de tratamiento biológico, tales como los reactores anaerobios de flujo ascendente (RAFA). En esta investigación se evaluó el desempeño hidráulico en un RAFA de 518 L utilizando un modelo de dispersión axial. El reactor fue inoculado con 105 L de lodo (20 % v/v) y se alimentó con agua residual municipal del colector C de la ciudad de Maracaibo, Venezuela. Los ensayos fueron realizados al agregar una solución de LiCl de forma puntual en el efluente. El Li+ fue cuantificado como trazador. Las muestras fueron recolectadas en el efluente y en un punto intermedio del reactor a tiempos de retención hidráulica teóricos (to) de 10, 8, 5, 4 y 3 h con tres entradas alineadas en el fondo del reactor y a to de 5 h incrementando las entradas de forma impar hasta llegar a 15. El número de dispersión obtenido en la zona de lecho y manto de lodo (punto intermedio) fue mayor que en el efluente, obteniendo valores de 1.1842 &lt; d &lt; 1.7550 y 0.2911 &lt; d &lt; 0.7285 respectivamente. El modelo de dispersión axial con inyección y recolección en flujo (IRF) e inyección en flujo y recolección en el fluido residente (IFRFR), presentó buenos ajustes a los datos experimentales de concentración del trazador. El reactor se comportó como mezcla completa en el lecho y manto de lodo y flujo disperso en el sedimentador.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT: Hydraulics along with biogeochemical processes have a remarkable value in the efficiency of wastewater treatment systems as upflow anaerobic sludge reactors (UASB). In this study the hydraulic performance was evaluated on a UASB of 518L volume capacity using an axial dispersion model. The reactor was inoculated with 105 L of sludge (20 % v/v) and was fed with a local municipal wastewater flowing at the collector C of the city Ma-racaibo, Venezuela. Assays were carried out using a solution with LiCl (Li+ measured as tracer) incorporated at the influent as instantaneous injection. Samples were collected at the effluent and at a midpoint of the reactor. Different theoretical hydraulic retention times (to) were used such as 10, 8, 5, 4 and 3 h with three inputs aligned in the reactor bottom and to 5 h increasing the inputs in odd numbers up to 15. The number of dispersion obtained at the bed sludge blanket (midpoint) was higher than values obtained at the effluent varying from 1.1842 &lt; d &lt; 1.7550 and 0.2911 &lt; d &lt; 0.7285 respectively. The axial dispersion model with injection and detection in flux (IDF), and injection in flux and detection in resident fluid (IFDRF) showed a good fit from the experimental data of tracer concentration. Two defined areas were found at the reactor, one at the bed and sludge blanket behaving like complete stirred mixing tank and other at the settling basin as dispersed flow tank.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[trazador]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[tiempo de retención hidráulico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[flujo disperso]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[mezcla completa]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[zona muerta]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[tracer]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[hydraulic retention time]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[dispersed flow]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[complete mix]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[dead zone]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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