<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0188-4999</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista internacional de contaminación ambiental]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. Int. Contam. Ambient]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0188-4999</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y Cambio Climático]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0188-49992006000300107</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[THE USE OF SERUM PROTEINS AS BIOLOGICAL MARKERS OF CONTAMINATION OF GENTOO Pygoscelis papua AND ADELIE P. adeliae PENGUINS]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Najle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Roberto]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Solana]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Hugo D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bottino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Daniela]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Juáres]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mariana A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mauad]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Melina]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Montalti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Diego]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional del Centro Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Tandil ]]></addr-line>
<country>Argentina</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Museo de La Plata Sección Ornitología ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[La Plata ]]></addr-line>
<country>Argentina</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Antártico Argentino Departamento Biología Aves ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Buenos Aires ]]></addr-line>
<country>Argentina</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2006</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2006</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>22</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>107</fpage>
<lpage>112</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0188-49992006000300107&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0188-49992006000300107&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0188-49992006000300107&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT Two common and widely used liquid fuels with hepatotoxic activity, and trimethyltin, a compound with neurotoxic activity which is used in several industrial processes, were tested for their toxicity in two species of Pygoscelis penguins. Gentoo penguins Pygoscelis papua were dosed with trimethyltin (TMT)(15 mg/kg) and Adelie penguins P adeliae were dosed with fuel for air (JP1)(0.20 ml/kg) and land transport (Polar Diesel, PD)(0.20 ml/kg). We use the serum proteins as markers of contamination on Gentoo and Adelie penguins. The following hematological parameters were measured: hemoglobin, hematocrit, glucose, total lipids, total proteins and enzymes (aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase). Normal hematological values obtained on all penguins are in agreement with previously published data. All tested birds showed significant toxic changes being seen clinically and by blood tests. No mortality was observed during the experiment. &#946; globulin increased in Gentoo penguins treated with TMT, showing highly significant differences. &#945; 1 and &#945; 2 globulin was fusioned. There was a marked drop in total proteins in Adelie penguins dosed with JP1. &#946; and &#947; globulin decreased significantly in Adelie penguins exposed to Polar Diesel. This study show that serum proteins and enzymes levels can be used as biological markers of contamination on penguins.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN Dos combustibles líquidos comunes y ampliamente usados con actividad hepatotóxica y trimetiltin, un compuesto con actividad neurotóxica, que son usados en varios procesos industriales, fueron utilizados para probar su toxicidad en dos especies de pingüinos pigoscélidos. Se administró a pingüinos papúa Pygoscelis papua Trimetiltin (TMT)(15 mg/kg) y a pingüinos adelia P. adeliae combustible de aeronaves (JP1)(0.20 ml/kg) y combustible diesel (Polar Diesel, PD)(0.20 ml/kg). Se usaron proteínas séricas como marcadores de contaminación en pingüinos papúa y adelia. Los siguientes parámetros hematológicos fueron medidos: hemoglobina, hematocrito, glucosa, lípidos totales, proteínas totales y enzimas (AST, aspartato amino transferasa y ALT, alanina amino transferasa). Los valores hematológicos normales obtenidos en todos los pingüinos corresponden con los datos publicados previamente. Todas las aves tratadas mostraron cambios significativos clínicos y/o hematológicos. No se observó mortandad durante el experimento. Los valores de &#946; globulina aumentaron en los pingüinos papúa tratados con TMT mostrando diferencias muy significativas, mientras &#945; 1 y &#945; 2 globulinas se fusionaron. Hubo un marcado descenso en las proteínas totales de los pingüinos Adelia tratados con JP1. En los pingüinos Adelia expuestos a PD, &#946; y &#947; globulinas disminuyeron significativamente. Este estudio muestra que los niveles séricos de proteínas y enzimas pueden ser utilizados como marcadores biológicos de contaminación en pingüinos.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[biological markers]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[serum proteins]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[penguins]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Antarctica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Pygoscelis adeliae]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Pygoscelis papua]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[marcadores biológicos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[proteínas del suero]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[pingüinos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Antártida]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Pygoscelis adeliae]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Pygoscelis papua]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aguilera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moreno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferrer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Blood chemistry values in three Pygoscelis penguins]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Compar. Biochem. Physiol.]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<volume>105A</volume>
<page-range>471-3</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aguirre]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Distribution and abundance of birds at Potter Península, 25 de Mayo (King George) Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Marine Ornithol.]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<page-range>23-31</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Allison]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Feeney]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Penguin blood serum proteins]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Archiv. Biochem. Biophys.]]></source>
<year>1968</year>
<volume>124</volume>
<page-range>548-55</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Camphuysen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[van Franeker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The value of beached bird surveys in monitoring marine oil pollution]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Technisch Rapport Vogelbescherming]]></source>
<year>1992</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<page-range>191</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Zeist, Netherlands ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferrer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Amat]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Viñuela]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Daily variations of blood chemistry values in the Chinstrap Penguin (Pygoscelis antarctica) during the Antarctic summer]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Compar. Biochem. Physiol.]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<volume>107A</volume>
<page-range>81-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ghebremeskel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Williams]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Williams]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gardner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Crawford]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Plasma metabolites in Macaroni Penguins (Eudyptes chrysolophus) arriving on land for breeding and moulting]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Compar. Biochem. Physiol.]]></source>
<year>1991</year>
<volume>99A</volume>
<page-range>245-50</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Harris]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Environmental effects of human activities on King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Polar Record]]></source>
<year>1991</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<page-range>193-204</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hoch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Organotin compounds in the environment - an overview]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Appl. Geochem.]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<page-range>719-43</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kannan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Senthilkumar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Elliot]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Feik]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Giesy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Occurrence of butyltin compounds in tissues of water birds and seaducks from the United States and Canada]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Archiv. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>35</volume>
<page-range>64-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kostelecka-Myrcha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Myrcha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Hematological studies on antarctic birds II. Changes of the hematological indices during the development of the pygoscelid penguins]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Polish Polar Res.]]></source>
<year>1980</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<page-range>175-81</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Larsson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Okla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Woin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Atmospheric transport of persistent pollutants governs uptake by Holarctic terrestrial biota]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Environ. Sci. Technol.]]></source>
<year>1990</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<page-range>1599-601</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Milsom]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Johansen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Millard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Blood respiratory properties in some antarctic birds]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Condor]]></source>
<year>1973</year>
<volume>75</volume>
<page-range>472-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rosa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rosa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bacila]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Blood constituents and electrophoretic patterns in Antarctic birds: penguins and skuas]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Compar. Biochem. Physiol.]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<volume>104A</volume>
<page-range>117-23</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Smith]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bush]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Haematological parameters on various species of Strigiformes and Falconiformes]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J. Wildlife Disease]]></source>
<year>1978</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<page-range>447-50</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Szefer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Czarnowski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pempkowiak]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Holm]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mercury and major essential elements in seals, penguins, and other representative fauna of the Antarctic]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<page-range>422-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Szubartowska]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gromysz-Kalkowska]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Blood morphology in quails after poisoning with fenitrothion]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Compar. Biochem. Physiol.]]></source>
<year>1992</year>
<volume>101C</volume>
<page-range>263-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Van Den Brink]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Ruiter-Dijkman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Trans-nonachlor, octachlorostyrene, mirex and photomirex in Antarctic seabirds]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Antarctic. Sci.]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<page-range>414-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tatton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.O.G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruzicka]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.H.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Organochlorine pesticides in Antarctica]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nature]]></source>
<year>1967</year>
<volume>215</volume>
<page-range>346-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thompson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stewart]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Furness]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Using seabirds to monitor mercury in marine environments - the validity of conversion ratios for tissue comparison]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Marine Pollut. Bull.]]></source>
<year>1990</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<page-range>339-42</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Trivelpiece]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Trivelpiece]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Volkman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ecological segregation of Adélie, gentoo, and chinstrap penguins at King George Island]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Antarctica Ecol.]]></source>
<year>1987</year>
<volume>68</volume>
<page-range>351-61</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Webster]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Webster]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nelson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Waterhouse]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The behaviour of residual contaminants at a former station site, Antarctica]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Environ. Pollut.]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>123</volume>
<page-range>163-79</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Woehler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The distribution and abundance of Antarctic and Subantarctic penguins]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cambridge, U.K ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
