<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0188-3380</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Economía: teoría y práctica]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Econ: teor. práct]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0188-3380</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, a través de la Unidad Iztapalapa, la Unidad Azcapotzalco y la Unidad Xochimilco, División de Ciencias Sociales]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0188-33802017000100005</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24275/etypuam/ne/462017/calderon</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Sincronización comercial e industrial en el TLCAN, un estudio de sincronización de fase]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Commercial and industrial synchronization in NAFTA, a study on phase synchronization]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Calderón Villarreal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Cuauhtémoc]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García Ruiz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Reyna Susana]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cruz Aké]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Salvador]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,El Colegio de la Frontera Norte  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,salvador.ake22@gmail.com  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>46</numero>
<fpage>5</fpage>
<lpage>40</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0188-33802017000100005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0188-33802017000100005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0188-33802017000100005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen En este trabajo se contrasta la hipótesis de que los ciclos de crecimiento individuales de los tres países que integran el área del Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte (TLCAN) durante el periodo 1993-2015 han tendido a sincronizarse, para lo cual utilizamos la técnica de sincronización de fase. Ésta permite establecer la causalidad entre variables económicas sin necesidad de hacer los supuestos de esfericidad o ergodicidad tradicionales en el modelado econométrico. Este trabajo aporta evidencia empírica para establecer que los ciclos económicos individuales de Canadá, México y Estados Unidos están sincronizados con las fluctuaciones industriales de Estados Unidos, siendo éste el que encabeza los cambios en las fluctuaciones del área del TLCAN. Adicionalmente, se hacen mediciones sobre la duración de los enganches de sincronización de fase al interior de cada ciclo individual y en el conjunto de los tres ciclos al interior del TLCAN, así mismo se relacionan los periodos de enganche (y su pérdida) de los ciclos con el desempeño macroeconómico de las tres economías estudiadas.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT In this paper, we contrast the hypothesis that individual growth cycles of the three countries that form the area of the North America Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) in the period 1993 - 2015 have tended to be synchronized, for which we use the technique of phase synchronization. This allows us to establish causality between economic variables without making assumptions of sphericity or ergodicity, traditional on econometric modeling. This paper provides empirical evidence to confirm that individual business cycles in Canada, Mexico, and the United States are synchronized with industrial fluctuations in the United States, which act as triggers of change for fluctuations in the NAFTA area. In addition, measurements of the duration of the linkage of the phase synchronization within each individual cycle and in all three cycles within NAFTA are made, likewise hitch (and loss) periods are linked with the macroeconomic performance of the three economies studied.]]></p></abstract>
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<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Energy prices and exchange rates of the US dollar: Further evidence from linear and nonlinear causality analysis]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Yudong]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Chongfeng]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Economic Modelling]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>2289-97</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
