<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0187-893X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Educación química]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Educ. quím]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0187-893X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Química]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0187-893X2024000300020</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22201/fq.18708404e.2024.3.87010</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Virtual teaching-learning of the experimental component of chemistry: a didactic strategy]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Enseñanza-aprendizaje virtual del componente experimental de la Química: una estrategia didáctica]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Batista-Zaldívar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mario Adelfo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Giler-Intriago]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sonia Nathaly]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Luzardo-Gorozabel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Binnie Patricia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sacoto-Palacio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gisella Larissa]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lucas-Pachay]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Pedro Vicente]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Falconí-Vélez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Miguel Andrés]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruperti-Montesdeoca]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan Pablo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Técnica de Manabí  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>35</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>20</fpage>
<lpage>37</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0187-893X2024000300020&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0187-893X2024000300020&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0187-893X2024000300020&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The pandemic induced by COVID-19 caused the teaching-learning process in universities to be carried out through the virtual modality. Experimental learning of chemical sciences under this modality constitutes a challenge for students, because laboratory practices are designed to be developed in a face-to-face manner. The objective of this research was to develop a didactic strategy for teaching the experimental component of chemistry in the virtual modality. For this purpose, simulation software (VirtualLab ChemCollective), recording software (Zoom Meetings and Google Meet), video editing software (Camtasia, Ice Cream Video Editor) and the Moodle platform were used. The four phases of the didactic strategy developed were implemented, which included all the necessary documentation (schedule, study guides, didactic material, among others) and a survey was applied to 980 students who participated in the study. Once the didactic strategy was evaluated, class attendance was 88.6 percent, the average grade obtained by the students was 7.8 points out of a possible 10; 78.0 percent of the total, and more than 94 % of the students surveyed were satisfied with the quality of the teaching-learning process of the experimental component carried out virtually. It was concluded that attendance had a similar behavior in the evaluated semester compared to the previous period, so that the virtual modality used in the analyzed semester did not influence student retention, and that the average grade increased by 4.4 %; which corroborates the effectiveness of the didactic strategy applied.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen La pandemia inducida por el COVID-19 provocó que el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje en las universidades se realice a través de la modalidad virtual. El aprendizaje experimental de las ciencias químicas bajo esta modalidad constituye un reto para los estudiantes, pues las prácticas de laboratorio están diseñadas para desarrollarse de manera presencial. El objetivo de esta investigación fue elaborar una estrategia didáctica para la enseñanza del componente experimental de la química en la modalidad virtual. Para ello se utilizaron software de simulación (VirtualLab ChemCollective), software de grabación (Zoom Meetings y Google Meet), software de edición de video (Camtasia, Ice Cream Video Editor) y la plataforma Moodle. Se implementaron las cuatro fases de la estrategia didáctica elaborada, que incluyó toda la documentación necesaria para ello (cronograma, guías de estudio, material didáctico, entre otros) y se aplicó una encuesta a 980 estudiantes que participaron en el estudio. Una vez evaluada la estrategia didáctica, la asistencia a clase fue del 88,6 por ciento, la nota media obtenida por los estudiantes fue de 7,8 puntos sobre 10 posibles; el 78,0 por ciento del total, y más del 94 % de los educandos encuestados se mostraron satisfechos con la calidad del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje del componente experimental realizado virtualmente. Se concluyó que la asistencia tuvo un comportamiento similar en el semestre evaluado en comparación con el periodo anterior, por lo que la modalidad virtual utilizada en el semestre analizado no influyó en la retención de los estudiantes, y que la calificación promedio se incrementó en 4,4 %; lo que corrobora la efectividad de la estrategia didáctica aplicada.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[chemistry]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[didactic strategy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[experimental learning]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[teaching-learning]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[virtual modality]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[química]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[estrategia didáctica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[aprendizaje experimental]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[enseñanza-aprendizaje]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[modalidad virtual]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abraham]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[What Can Be Learned from Laboratory Activities? Revisiting 32 Years of Research]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal Chemestry Education]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>88</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>1020-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ali]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ullah]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Review to analyze and compare virtual chemistry laboratories for their use in education]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal Chemestry Education]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>97</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
<page-range>3563-74</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bruck]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Towns]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bretz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Faculty Perspectives of Undergraduate Chemistry Laboratory: Goals and Obstacles to Success]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal Chemestry Education]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>87</volume>
<numero>12</numero>
<issue>12</issue>
<page-range>1416-24</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Catalán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Virtual laboratories: the experience of the Polytechnic University of Madrid]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Campus Virtuales]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>78-86</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Van Gerven]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dubois]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bernaerts]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Virtual chemical laboratories: A systematic literature review of research, technologies and instructional design]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Computers and Education Open]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>2</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Entrialgo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Using computer virtualization and software tools to implement a low cost laboratory for the teaching of storage area networks]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Computer Applications in Engineering Education]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>715-23</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hennessy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wishart]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Whitelock]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Deaney]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brawn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[la Velle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McFarlane]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruthven]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Winterbottom]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Pedagogical approaches for technologyintegrated Science teaching]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Computers and Education]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>48</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>137-52</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[He]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ling]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zheng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Virtual Simulation Experiments: A Teaching Option for Complex and Hazardous Chemistry Experiments]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Chemical Education]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>100</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>1437-45</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Luo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Application of Virtual Simulation Technology in Chemistry Teaching]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[E3S Web of Conferences]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>267</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marqués]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Impact of ICT in education: functions and limitations]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[3cTIC: cuadernos de desarrollo aplicados a las TIC]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>1-15</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Monge]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Méndez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Advantages and disadvantages of using virtual laboratories in distance education: student feedback in a six-year project]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Educación]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>91-108</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mutlu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sesen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Comparison of inquiry-based instruction in real and virtual laboratory environments: Prospective science teachers´ attitudes]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Curriculum and Instruction]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>600-17</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reyes Cárdenas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruiz Herrera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Llano Lomas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lechuga Uribe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mena Zepeda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Chemistry students´ perception on the change in educational modality due to the COVID-19 pandemic]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Educacion Quimica]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>32</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>127-41</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rojano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Development of information and communication technologies to reinforce the teaching and learning processes in science in the degree of teacher in early childhood education at the University of Malaga]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Educación Química]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>226-32</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Román]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pujol]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mora]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pertegal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jimeno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A low-cost immersive virtual reality system for teaching robotic manipulators programming]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Sustainability]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rosas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Ita]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Of visible and invisible and even intelligent classrooms]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Educación Química]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>330-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Russell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Weaver]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A comparative study of traditional, inquiry-based, and research-based laboratory curricula: Impacts on understanding of the nature of science]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Chemistry Education Research and Practice]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>57-67</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sansón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Montagut]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Learning assessment in laboratory situations]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Educación Química]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>188-200</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tatli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ayas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Virtual laboratory applications in chemistry education]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Procedia Social and behavioral sciences]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<page-range>938-42</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tsai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nisar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Design and validation of a virtual chemical laboratory-an example of natural science in elementary education]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Applied Sciences (Switzerland)]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>21</numero>
<issue>21</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vergara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Evaluation of the use of different virtual resources at the university: a teaching experience]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de Currículum y Formación del Profesorado]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>441-55</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vergara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Imposition of virtual laboratories in 21st century education]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de Tecnología de Información y Comunicación en Educación]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>119-28</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vergara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rubio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The application of didactic virtual tools in the instruction of industrial radiography]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Materials Education]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>37</volume>
<numero>1-2</numero>
<issue>1-2</issue>
<page-range>17-26</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vergara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rubio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lorenzo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[New approach for the teaching of concrete compression tests in large groups of engineering students]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Professional Issues in Engineering Education and Practice]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>143</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vergara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rubio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lorenzo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A virtual resource for enhancing the spatial comprehension of crystal lattices]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Education Sciences]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vergara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rubio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Prieto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lorenzo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Enhancing the teaching/learning of materials mechanical characterization by using virtual reality]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Materials Education]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>38</volume>
<numero>3-4</numero>
<issue>3-4</issue>
<page-range>63-74</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Verstege]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vincken]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Diederen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Blueprint to design virtual experiment environments]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Computers and Education Open]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>2</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Qin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sun]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Construction and Application of a Virtual Simulation Experimental Teaching Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Daxue Huaxue]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>0</volume>
<numero>0</numero>
<issue>0</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yukhymenko]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Donnelly]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cowan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Berrett]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A Latent Profile Analysis of University Faculty Subtypes for Mobile Technology Integration]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Computers and Education Open]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>2</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
