<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0187-893X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Educación química]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Educ. quím]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0187-893X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Química]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0187-893X2020000400156</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22201/fq.18708404e.2020.4.76580</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[La no neutralidad de la química vista desde la historia]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The non-neutrality of chemistry seen from history.]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chamizo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José Antonio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Facultad de Química ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>31</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<fpage>156</fpage>
<lpage>166</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0187-893X2020000400156&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0187-893X2020000400156&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0187-893X2020000400156&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen En este libro se discute el desarrollo de algunas prácticas químicas, tanto académicas como industriales, a lo largo de buena parte del siglo XX. Pasando por la brutal irrupción en la vida pública española de F. Franco, líder del golpe de estado contra la República Española que dio lugar a la Guerra Civil (1936-39) y posteriormente a una férrea dictadura militar de casi cuarenta años de duración. En este largo periodo, químicos españoles, en España y en América Latina, sostuvieron sus prácticas desde una posición política, a veces clara, otras encubierta. En ambos lados del Atlántico, la presencia de los profesionales de la química resultó fundamental y ejemplifica lo que el autor denomina la ambigüedad moral de la química.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract In this book, the development of chemical practices, both academic and industrial, is traversed throughout much of the 20th century. Going through the brutal irruption in the Spanish public life of F. Franco, leader of the coup d'etat against the Spanish Republic that gave rise to the Civil War (1936-39) and later to an iron military dictatorship of almost forty years long. In this period, Spanish chemists, in Spain and in Latin America, maintained their practices from a political position, sometimes clear, others covert. On both sides of the Atlantic, the presence of chemistry professionals was fundamental and exemplifies what the author calls the moral ambiguity of chemistry.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Prácticas químicas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[España]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[América Latina]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Guerra Civil]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ambigüedad moral]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Chemical practices]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Spain]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Latin America]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Civil War]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[moral ambiguity]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Agar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Science in the Twentieth Century and Beyond]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cambridge, Polity Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ash]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Essay Review: Science, Technology and Higher Education under Nazism]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Isis]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<volume>85</volume>
<page-range>458-62</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chamizo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La cuarta revolución química (1945-1966). De las sustancias a las especies químicas]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Educación Química]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<page-range>202-10</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chamizo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[De la paradoja a la metáfora. La enseñanza de la química a partir de sus modelos]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[FQ-Siglo XXI]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garritz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Capella]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chamizo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garritz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Exiled Chemists of the Spanish Civil War's Footprint in Mexico History on five renowned Spanish-Mexican chemists]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[History Research]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<page-range>406-22</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Giral]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Enseñanza de la Química Experimental]]></source>
<year>1969</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Washington ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[OEA]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Putman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La herencia del Pragmatismo]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Barcelona ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Paidos]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reisch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Cómo la guerra fría transformó la filosofía de la ciencia. Hacia las heladas laderas de la lógica]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Buenos Aires ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional de Quilmes]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodrigo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Una mujer silenciada. María Teresa Toral:ciencia compromiso y exilio]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Barcelona ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ariel]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stengers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[In Catastrophic Times: resisting the Coming Barbarism]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[London ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Open Humanities Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[van Berkel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de Vos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Verdonk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pilot]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Normal science education and its dangers: The case of School Chemistry]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Science &amp; Education]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<page-range>123-59</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
