<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0187-893X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Educación química]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Educ. quím]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0187-893X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Química]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0187-893X2020000300084</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22201/fq.18708404e.2020.3.72133</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Developing a three-tier diagnostic instrument on chemical equilibrium (TT-DICE)]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Desarrollo de un instrumento de diagnóstico de tres niveles sobre equilibrio químico (TT-DICE)]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jusniar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Effendy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Budiasih]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Endang]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sutrisno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,State University of Malang  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,State University of Malang  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>31</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>84</fpage>
<lpage>102</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0187-893X2020000300084&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0187-893X2020000300084&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0187-893X2020000300084&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract This study aims to develop a Three-tier Diagnostic Instrument on Chemical Equilibrium (TT-DICE) to diagnose high school students&#8217; misconceptions related to this topic. TT-DICE consists of thirty items, asking for students&#8217; answers, reasonings, and levels of confidence. Three-stages development models developed by Treagust applied in developing TT-DICE. First-stage was a literature study to analyze the main concepts and students&#8217; misconceptions in CE. The next step is the development of the TT-DICE prototype, consisting of item development, preliminary experiments, interviews, and revisions. The third stage of validity checking starts with content validation by experts and practitioners. A field test conducted to determine the reliability and quality variables are supporting TT-DICE items. These variables are Item Validity (IV), Difficulty Level (DL), Discrimination Index (DI), and effectiveness of distractors. Content validity by validators showed that the TT-DICE is valid with a very high category (96.1%). The results of item validity show that 88.9% of the items are valid. Testing of DL, DI, and the effectiveness of distractors in general, shows a good category. The Reliability of the three-tiers TTDICE using Alpha Cronbach is a high and very high category, respectively (0.83, 0.81 &amp; 0.91). The overall validity test results also concluded if the TT-DICE is valid, reliable, and suitable to diagnose misconceptions of Chemical Equilibrium.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Este estudio tiene como objetivo desarrollar un Instrumento de diagnóstico de tres niveles sobre equilibrio químico (TT-DICE) para diagnosticar los conceptos erróneos de los estudiantes de secundaria relacionados con este tema. TT-DICE consta de treinta elementos, que solicitan respuestas, razonamientos y niveles de confianza de los estudiantes. Modelos de desarrollo de tres etapas desarrollados por Treagust aplicados en el desarrollo de TT-DICE. La primera etapa fue un estudio de literatura para analizar los conceptos principales y los conceptos erróneos de los estudiantes en CE. El siguiente paso es el desarrollo del prototipo TT-DICE, que consiste en el desarrollo de ítems, experimentos preliminares, entrevistas y revisiones. La tercera etapa de verificación de validez comienza con la validación de contenido por parte de expertos y profesionales. Una prueba de campo realizada para determinar las variables de confiabilidad y calidad es compatible con los elementos TT-DICE. Estas variables son Validez del ítem (IV), Nivel de dificultad (DL), Índice de discriminación (DI) y efectividad de los distractores. La validez del contenido por parte de los validadores mostró que el TT-DICE es válido con una categoría muy alta (96.1%). Los resultados de la validez del artículo muestran que el 88.9% de los artículos son válidos. Las pruebas de DL, DI y la efectividad de los distractores en general muestran una buena categoría. La confiabilidad del TTDICE de tres niveles con Alpha Cronbach es una categoría alta y muy alta, respectivamente (0.83, 0.81 y 0.91). Los resultados de la prueba de validez general también concluyeron si el TT-DICE es válido, confiable y adecuado para diagnosticar conceptos erróneos de equilibrio químico.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[development TT-DICE]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[misconception]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Chemical Equilibrium]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[desarrollo TT-DICE]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[concepto erróneo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[equilibrio químico]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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