<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0187-7380</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista fitotecnia mexicana]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. fitotec. mex]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0187-7380</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Mexicana de Fitogenética A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0187-73802025000100057</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35196/rfm.2025.1.57</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Reproducción sexual y asexual en zarzamora (Rubus spp.) y su relación con estabilidad cromosómica]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Sexual and asexual reproduction in blackberry (Rubus spp.) and its relationship with chromosome stability]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Julián-Ramírez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Fanny Lisette]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Flores-Hernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luis Antonio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vélez-Torres]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Marcelina]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Corona-Torres]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Tarsicio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Calderón-Zavala]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Guillermo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lobato-Ortiz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ricardo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma Chapingo Departamento de Fitotecnia ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Texcoco Estado de México]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Iguala de la Independencia Guerrero]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Colegio de Postgraduados  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Texcoco Estado de México]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Colegio de Postgraduados  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Texcoco Estado de México]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>48</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>57</fpage>
<lpage>66</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0187-73802025000100057&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0187-73802025000100057&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0187-73802025000100057&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen La zarzamora (Rubus spp.) se reproduce vía sexual y asexual, la forma de propagación puede modificar la estabilidad cromosómica en su genoma, lo cual es indeseable en el mantenimiento de germoplasma, uso de variedades comerciales y mejoramiento genético. Por lo anterior, el objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar el número y longitud de cromosomas en genotipos silvestres y cultivados de zarzamora reproducidos sexual y asexualmente a fin de analizar si la forma de propagación se relaciona con la estabilidad cromosómica. La investigación se realizó bajo condiciones de invernadero y en el Laboratorio de Citogenética del Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Montecillo, México. Se emplearon las variedades Kiowa, Apache, Cheyenne, Shawnee, Ebano, Choctaw y dos poblaciones procedentes de Teziutlán, Puebla y Jalacingo, Veracruz, México. La propagación se realizó mediante semilla y acodos aéreos de meristemo apical. Para el análisis cromosómico se usó pretratamiento en frío (4 °C) y la técnica &#8220;squash&#8221;. Se realizó conteo de cromosomas y se obtuvieron datos de longitud, mismos que fueron sometidos a análisis de varianza con un diseño experimental completamente al azar, seguido de una prueba de Tukey (P &#8804; 0.05). Se encontró variabilidad en los números cromosomicos y niveles de ploidía: Kiowa 4x = 28 y 3x = 21, Shawnee 4x = 28, Cheyenne 4x = 28, Apache 4x = 28, Ebano 4x = 28, Choctaw 4x = 28, Teziutlán 2x = 14, y Jalacingo 3x = 21. La variación en longitud de cromosomas fue altamente significativa para variedades o poblaciones, las diferencias estadísticas fueron evidentes entre aquellas variedades reproducidas asexualmente; en cambio, no hubo diferencias entre las variedades o poblaciones reproducidas sexualmente. La reproducción por semilla mostró relación con estabilidad en número y longitud de cromosomas; contrariamente, la propagación asexual mostró relación con inestabilidad cromosómica.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Summary Blackberry (Rubus spp.) reproduces sexually and asexually, the form of propagation can modify the chromosomal stability in its genome, which is undesirable for the maintenance of germplasm, use of commercial varieties and breeding. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the number and length of chromosomes in wild and cultivated genotypes of blackberry reproduced sexually and asexually in order to analyze whether the form of propagation is related to chromosomal stability. The research was carried out under greenhouse conditions and at the Cytogenetics Laboratory of Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Montecillo, Mexico. The varieties used were Kiowa, Apache, Cheyenne, Shawnee, Ebano, Choctaw and two populations from Teziutlán, Puebla and Jalacingo, Veracruz, Mexico. Propagation was carried out by seed and aerial layering of apical meristem. Cold pretreatment (4 °C) and the squash technique were used for chromosomal analysis. Chromosomes were counted and length data were obtained, which were subjected to analysis of variance under a completely randomized experimental design, followed by a Tukey test (P &#8804; 0.05). Variability was found in chromosome number and ploidy level: Kiowa 4x = 28 and 3x = 21, Shawnee 4x = 28, Cheyenne 4x = 28, Apache 4x = 28, Ebano 4x = 28, Choctaw 4x = 28, Teziutlán 2x = 14 and Jalacingo 3x = 21. The variation in chromosome length was highly significant for varieties or populations, statistical differences were evident among those varieties reproduced asexually; in contrast, there were no differences between varieties or populations reproduced sexually. Reproduction by seed was associated with chromosome stability in number and length; asexual propagation on the other hand, was related to chromosomal instability.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Rubus spp.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[acodos aéreos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[mejoramiento genético]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ploidía]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[poliploidía]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[propagación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Rubus spp.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[aerial layering]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[plant breeding]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[ploidy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[polyploidy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[propagation]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Estabilidad e inestabilidad cromosómica in vitro en tejidos desdiferenciados y rediferenciados de Haworthia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Fitotecnia Mexicana]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<volume>47</volume>
<page-range>35-42</page-range></nlm-citation>
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</article>
