<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0187-7380</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista fitotecnia mexicana]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. fitotec. mex]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0187-7380</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Mexicana de Fitogenética A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0187-73802023000300219</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35196/rfm.2023.3.219</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Caracterización y origen genético de tres razas de maíz a partir de datos de nudos cromosómicos]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Characterization and genetic origin of three maize races based on chromosomic knobs data]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kato Yamakake]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Takeo Ángel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Colegio de Postgraduados  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Texcoco Estado de México]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>46</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>219</fpage>
<lpage>227</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0187-73802023000300219&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0187-73802023000300219&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0187-73802023000300219&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen En la actualidad existe consenso general de que el maíz fue originado y domesticado a partir del teocintle anual mexicano. Los resultados citológicos han encontrado que el inicio de esta planta ocurrió en cinco centros de origen y domesticación en Mesoamérica. Muchos investigadores han estudiado la gran variación genética que el maíz muestra en varias regiones de México, pero ninguno ha propuesto el modo y lugar de origen de cada una de las razas de México. Se pensó que a través del análisis de patrones de distribución geográfica y racial de los nudos cromosómicos en datos obtenidos de un número mayor de accesiones y plantas por raza podría conocerse el origen y evolución de cada una de ellas. Se estudiaron 15 accesiones de la raza Chalqueño, 22 de Cónico y 19 de Cónico Norteño, tratando de analizar 20 plantas de cada accesión. Se compararon gráficamente grupos de nudos (cromosomas largos vs. cortos, brazos largos vs. cortos, etc.) buscando patrones de distribución que pudieran caracterizar y evidenciar el posible origen de cada una de las tres razas. De manera general, los resultados mostraron que Cónico Norteño se caracteriza porque posee una alta frecuencia de nudos grandes, superior que la de Cónico y Chalqueño, razas que comparten esas frecuencias con los nudos de tamaño medio, pero difieren en que Chalqueño tiene predominancia de nudos pequeños. La caracterización de las tres razas, junto con información previa sobre los complejos de nudos, permitió proponer el origen genético de cada una de ellas. Los resultados sugieren que los nudos cromosómicos son elementos importantes en la evolución de las razas del género Zea.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Summary At present time there is general consensus that maize was originated and domesticated from the annual Mexican teosinte. The cytological results have found that the beginning of this plant occurred in five origin and domestication centers in Mesoamerica. Many researchers have studied the great genetic variation that maize shows in various regions of Mexico, but none has proposed the mode and place of origin of each of the Mexican races. It was though that through the analysis of geographic and racial patterns of distribution of chromosome knobs obtained from a larger number of accessions and plants per race the origin and evolution of each of them could be known. Fifteen accesions of the Chalqueño race, 22 of Cónico and 19 of Cónico Norteño were studied trying to analyze 20 plants of each accesion. Groups of knobs (long chromosomes vs. short chromosomes, long arms vs. short arms, etc.) were graphically compared looking for distribution patterns that could characterize and evidence the possible origin of each of the three races. In general, results showed that Cónico Norteño is characterized because it has a high frequency of large knobs, higher than that of Cónico and Chalqueño, races that shared these frequencies with the medium-sized knobs but differ in that Chalqueño has predominance of small knobs. The characterization of the three races, along with previous information on the knob complexes, allowed to propose the genetic origin of each one of them. These results suggest chromosome knobs are important elements in the evolution of races in the genus Zea.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Zea mays L.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Chalqueño]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Cónico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Cónico Norteño]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[origen de razas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[patrones de distribución de nudos cromosómicos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Zea mays L.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Chalqueño]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Conico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Conico Norteño]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[chromosome knobs distribution patterns]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[race origin]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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