<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0187-7151</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Acta botánica mexicana]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Act. Bot. Mex]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0187-7151</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto de Ecología A.C., Centro Regional del Bajío]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0187-71512025000100152</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21829/abm132.2025.2489</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Morfología floral y fenología reproductiva de especies simpátricas del género Wettinia (Arecaceae) en un bosque del Chocó biogeográfico, Colombia]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Floral morphology and reproductive phenology of sympatric species of the Wettinia (Arecaceae) in a forest of the biogeographic Chocó, Colombia]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Borja Rentería]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jhoniel Javier]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zamora Abrego]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Joan Gastón]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional de Colombia  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Antioquia]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional de Colombia  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Cesar]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>132</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0187-71512025000100152&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0187-71512025000100152&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0187-71512025000100152&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen:  Antecedentes y Objetivos:  El género Wettinia (Arecaceae) presenta gran diversidad morfológica y ecológica. El objetivo principal de este estudio fue describir los patrones fenológicos de floración y fructificación, la morfología y biología floral, y explorar la influencia de las variables ambientales (temperatura y precipitación) en tres especies simpátricas (Wettinia aequalis, W. quinaria y W. radiata) en un bosque de la región biogeográfica del Chocó, Colombia.  Métodos:  Durante 2023 se monitorearon mensualmente individuos reproductivos de tres especies. Se registraron las fases fenológicas, y su relación con la temperatura y la precipitación se analizó mediante modelos Lineales Generalizados (distribución quasi-Poisson). También se describieron rasgos morfológicos de las inflorescencias.  Resultados clave:  Las tres especies mostraron fenología reproductiva continua y asincrónica. Los periodos de floración variaron: Wettinia aequalis (noviembre-enero), W. quinaria (noviembre-diciembre y marzo), y W. radiata (junio). La floración y fructificación de W. aequalis y W. radiata se relacionaron negativamente con la precipitación, mientras que la fructificación de W. quinaria se asoció positivamente con la temperatura. Todas exhibieron un sistema monoico dicógamo, con fases estaminadas de 3-6 días y fases pistiladas de 3.5-4.5 días. El desarrollo de los frutos requirió cerca de nueve meses en promedio (&#8776; 8.5-9.2 meses). Morfológicamente, compartieron inflorescencias infrafoliares con tres brácteas, pero difirieron en altura, longitud de raquilas y número de flores. El análisis multivariado (NMDS y ANOSIM) mostró diferenciación significativa (R=0.9145, P=0.001), con mayor similitud entre W. aequalis y W. radiata.  Conclusiones:  Wettinia aequalis, W. quinaria y W. radiata presentan ciclos reproductivos continuos y asincrónicos, con diferencias claras en fases reproductivas y maduración de frutos, lo que refleja la variabilidad morfológica y fenológica del género en el Chocó biogeográfico.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract:  Background and Aims:  The genus Wettinia (Arecaceae) exhibits great morphological and ecological diversity. The main objective of this study was to describe the phenological patterns of flowering and fruiting, floral morphology and biology, and to explore the influence of environmental variables (temperature and precipitation) on three sympatric species (Wettinia aequalis, W. quinaria, and W. radiata) in a forest in the Chocó biogeographic region of Colombia.  Methods: During 2023, reproductive individuals of three species were monitored monthly. Phenological phases were recorded, and their relationship with temperature and precipitation was analysed using Generalised Linear Models (quasi-Poisson distribution). Morphological features of the inflorescences were also described.  Key results:  All three species exhibited continuous and asynchronous reproductive phenology. Flowering periods varied: Wettinia aequalis (November-January), W. quinaria (November-December and March), and W. radiata (June). The flowering and fruiting of W. aequalis and W. radiata were negatively related to precipitation, while the fruiting of W. quinaria was positively associated with temperature. All exhibited a monoecious dichogamous system, with staminate phases lasting 3-6 days and pistillate phases lasting 3.5-4.5 days. Fruit development took about nine months on average (&#8776; 8.5- 9.2 months). Morphologically, they shared infra-foliar inflorescences with three bracts, but differed in height, rachis length, and number of flowers. Multivariate analysis (NMDS and ANOSIM) showed significant differentiation (R=0.9145, P=0.001), with greater similarity between W. aequalis and W. radiata.  Conclusions:  Wettinia aequalis, W. quinaria, and W. radiata have continuous and asynchronous reproductive cycles, with clear differences in reproductive phases and fruit maturation, reflecting the morphological and phenological variability of the genus in the Chocó biogeographic region.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[biología floral]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[bosque húmedo tropical]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[factores endógenos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[fenología reproductiva]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[macanas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[floral biology]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[endogenous factors]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[macanas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[reproductive phenology]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[tropical rainforest]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arango]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Duque]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Á. J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Muñoz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Dinámica poblacional de la palma Euterpe oleracea (Arecaceae) en bosques inundables del Chocó, Pacífico colombiano]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de Biología Tropical]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>58</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>465-81</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Askgaard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stauffer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F. W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hodel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barfod]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Askgaard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stauffer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barfod]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Floral structure in the neotropical palm genus Chamaedorea (Arecoideae, Arecaceae)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>65</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>197-210</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ávila]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. A. de]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de Azevedo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I. F. P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Antunes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de Souza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[dos Santos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fonseca]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nunes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y. R. F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Temperature as the main factor affecting the reproductive phenology of the dioecious palm Mauritiella armata (Arecaceae)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Acta Botanica Brasilica]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>36</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Christ]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mixed Effects models and extensions in ecology with R]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zuur]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ieno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Walker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saveliev]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Smith]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Statistical Software]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>32</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Springer-Verlag, New York ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bacon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Velásquez-Puentes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Flórez-Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Balslev]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Galeano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bernal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Antonelli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Phylogenetics of Iriarteeae (Arecaceae), cross-Andean disjunctions and convergence of clustered infructescence morphology in Wettinia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>182</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>272-86</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barbosa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. C. D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Regueira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. C. S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Navarro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. M. do A. F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Raguso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Milet-Pinheiro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Machado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Reproductive biology of Syagrus coronata (Arecaceae): sex-biased insect visitation and the unusual case of scent emission by peduncular bracts]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Plant Biology]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>100-10</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barfod]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hagen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Borchsenius]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Twenty-five years of progress in understanding pollination mechanisms in palms (Arecaceae)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Annals of Botany]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>108</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>1503-16</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bencke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. S. C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morellato]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. P. C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Comparação de dois métodos de avaliação da fenologia de plantas, sua interpretação e representação]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Brasileira de Botânica]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>269-75</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bernal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Nuevas especies y combinaciones en la subtribu Wettiniiae (Palmae)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Caldasia]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>82-85</numero>
<issue>82-85</issue>
<page-range>367-77</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Borchsenius]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lozada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Knudsen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Reproductive isolation of sympatric forms of the understorey palm Geonoma macrostachys in western Amazonia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>182</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>398-410</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Borja-Renteria]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ledezma Rentería]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Copete]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Biología reproductiva de Euterpe oleracea Mart., palma con alto valor nutricional para las comunidades del Pacífico colombiano]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de Ciencias]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brieva-Oviedo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Núñez-Avellaneda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Biología reproductiva de la palma amarga (Sabal mauritiiformis: Arecaceae): especie económicamente importante para la Costa Caribe colombiana]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Caldasia]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>42</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>278-93</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bruno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. M. A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Massi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K. G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vidal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[du Vall Hay]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Reproductive phenology of three Syagrus species (Arecaceae) in a tropical savanna in Brazil]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Flora]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>252</volume>
<page-range>18-25</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bufalo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Galetti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Culot]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Seed Dispersal by Primates and Implications for the Conservation of a Biodiversity Hotspot, the Atlantic Forest of South America]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Primatology]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>37</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>333-49</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. C. Z. J. A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Efecto de la humedad de suelo en los patrones fenológicos de tres especies de palmas en el Valle del Yeguare]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<page-range>27</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Tegucigalpa, Honduras ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Departamento de Ambiente y Desarrollo, Escuela de Agricultura de Zamorano]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cifuentes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moreno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arango]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Comportamiento fenológico de Euterpe oleracea (Arecaceae) en bosques inundables del Chocó biogeográfico]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>84</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>591-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Copete]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sanchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cámara-Leret]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Balslev]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Diversidad de comunidades de palmas en el Chocó biogeográfico y su relación con la precipitación]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Caldasia]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>41</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>358-69</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cortés-Flores]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández-Esquivel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González-Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ibarra-Manríquez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Flowering phenology, growth forms, and pollination syndromes in tropical dry forest species: Influence of phylogeny and abiotic factors]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[American Journal of Botany]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>104</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>39-49</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Di Rienzo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Casanoves]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Balzarini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gonzalez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tablada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Robledo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. W]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[InfoStat, versión 2008]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Córdoba, Argentina ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Grupo InfoSta. FCA, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dransfield]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Uhl]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lange]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Harley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lewis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Genera Palmarum. The Evolution and Classification of Palms]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Royal Botanic Gardens]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Kew, UK ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eiserhardt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W. L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Svenning]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.-C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kissling]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W. D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Balslev]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Geographical ecology of the palms (Arecaceae): determinants of diversity and distributions across spatial scales]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Annals of Botany]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>108</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>1391-416</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fava]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W. S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[da Silva Covre]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sigrist]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Attalea phalerata and Bactris glaucescens (Arecaceae, Arecoideae): Phenology and pollination ecology in the Pantanal, Brazil]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Flora]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>206</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>575-84</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fitter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fitter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. S. R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Rapid changes in flowering time in British plants]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Science]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>296</volume>
<numero>5573</numero>
<issue>5573</issue>
<page-range>1689-91</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Frankie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bakery]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Opler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Comparative Phenological Studies of Trees in Tropical Wet and Dry Forests in the Lowlands of Costa Rica]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Journal of Ecology]]></source>
<year>1974</year>
<volume>62</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>881-919</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Galeano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bernal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Palmas de Colombia, Guía de campo]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<page-range>688</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Bogotá, Colombia ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Instituto de Ciencias Naturales]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Henderson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Evolution and ecology of palms]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<page-range>259</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York, USA ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Botanical Garden Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Henderson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fischer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Scariot]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pacheco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. A. W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pardini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Flowering Phenology of a Palm Community in a Central Amazon Forest]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Brittonia]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>52</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>149-60</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Holdridge]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Life Zone Ecology]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Tropical Science Center]]></source>
<year>1967</year>
<page-range>206</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[San José, Costa Rica ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kidyoo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McKey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Flowering phenology and mimicry of the rattan Calamus castaneus (Arecaceae) in southern Thailand]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Botany]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>90</volume>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
<page-range>856-65</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Díez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Restrepo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Núñez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moreno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Flowering phenology and flower visitors of the Macana Palm Wettinia kalbreyeri (Arecaceae) in an Andean montane forest]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>88</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>106-12</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Larios-Ulloa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Loza-Cornejo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arreola-Nava]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Espinosa-Rojas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández-Paz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Biología reproductiva de tres especies de Mammillaria Haw. (Cactaceae) endémicas del cerro &#8220;La Mesa Redonda&#8221;, Jalisco, México]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Gaia Scientia]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>147-54</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Listabarth]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Pollination in Geonoma macrostachys and Three Congeners, G. acaulis, G. gracilis, and G. interrupta interrupta]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Botanica Acta]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<volume>106</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>496-506</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lourdes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arizpe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Orellana]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Conde]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Impactos del cambio climático en la floración y desarrollo del fruto del café en Veracruz, México. Interciencia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de Ciencia y Tecnología de América]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>34</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>322-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martén]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quesada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Phenology, Sexual Expression, and Reproductive Success of the Rare Neotropical Palm Geonoma epetiolata]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Biotropica]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>596-605</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mateu-Andrés]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de Paco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Genetic Diversity and the Reproductive System in Related Species of Antirrhinum]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Annals of Botany]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>98</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>1053-60</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McDowell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N. G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Allen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Darcy&#8217;s law predicts widespread forest mortality under climate warming]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nature Climate Change]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
<page-range>669-72</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mendes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Diniz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[N. S. Terra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jeannot]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K. K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fontes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. A. L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Light conditions imposed by canopy: allometric strategies of an understorey palm (Geonoma schottiana Mart.) in Atlantic forest]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Tropical Forest Science]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>31</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>332-42</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mendoza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peres]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morellato]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. P. C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Continental-scale patterns and climatic drivers of fruiting phenology: A quantitative Neotropical review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Global and Planetary Change]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>148</volume>
<page-range>227-41</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Morfología floral y fenología de la floración de la palma de la Palma Butia capitata (Mart.) Becc. (Arecaceae)]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<page-range>71</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Montevideo, Uruguay ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de la República]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moreno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Romero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Phenology of the reproductive development of Elaeis oleifera (Kunth) Cortes]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Agronomía Colombiana]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>36-42</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Newstrom]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Frankie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A New Classification for Plant Phenology Based on Flowering Patterns in Lowland Tropical Rain Forest Trees at La Selva, Costa Rica]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Biotropica]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>141-59</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Núñez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Patrones de asociación entre insectos polinizadores y palmas silvestres en Colombia con énfasis en palmas de importancia económica]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<page-range>384</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Bogotá, Colombia ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional de Colombia]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Núñez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rojas-Robles]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Reproductive biology and pollination ecology of the milpesos palm Oenocarpus bataua in the Colombian Andes]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Caldasia]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>101-25</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Núñez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bernal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Knudsen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Diurnal palm pollination by mystropine beetles: is it weather-related?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Plant Systematics and Evolution]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>254</volume>
<numero>3-4</numero>
<issue>3-4</issue>
<page-range>149-71</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ottewell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Karubian]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The pollen dispersal kernel and mating system of an insect-pollinated tropical palm, Oenocarpus bataua]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Heredity]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>109</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>332-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ortiz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O. O]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de Stapf]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Croat]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Diversity and distributional patterns of aroids (Alismatales: Araceae) along an elevational gradient in Darién, Panama]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Webbia]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>74</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>339-52</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pearse]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I. S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Koenig]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W. D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kelly]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mechanisms of mast seeding: resources, weather, cues, and selection]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[New Phytologist]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>212</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>546-62</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B48">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peñuela]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bustillos-Lema]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Álvarez-Solas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Núñez-Avellaneda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Reproductive phenology variation of the multiple inflorescence-palm tree Wettinia maynensis in relation to climate, in a Piedmont forest in western Amazonia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Trees]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>867-76</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B49">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Posit Team</collab>
<source><![CDATA[RStudio: Integrated Development Environment for R]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Boston, USA ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Posit Software, PBC]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B50">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Poveda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rojas-P]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rudas-Ll]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rangel-Ch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. O]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El Chocó biogeográfico: ambiente físico]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rangel-Ch.]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. O]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Colombia diversidad biótica IV, El Chocó biogeográfico/Costa Pacífica Bogotá: Universidad Nacional de Colombia y Conservación Internacional]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<page-range>1-22</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Bogotá, Colombia ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B51">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<collab>R Core Team</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[R Foundation for Statistical Computing]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B52">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodrigo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Herrero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effects of pre-blossom temperatures on flower development and fruit set in apricot]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Scientia Horticulturae]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>92</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>125-35</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B53">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rojas-Robles]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stiles]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F. G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Analysis of a supra-annual cycle: reproductive phenology of the palm Oenocarpus bataua in a forest of the Colombian Andes]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Tropical Ecology]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>41-51</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B54">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rojas-Robles]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stiles]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F. G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Muñoz-Saba]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Frugivoría y dispersión de semillas de la palma Oenocarpus bataua (Arecaceae) en un bosque de los Andes colombianos]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de Biología Tropical]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>60</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>1445-61</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B55">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sakai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Phenological diversity in tropical forests]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Population Ecology]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>43</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>77-86</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B56">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sampaio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Scariot]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Growth and reproduction of the understory palm Geonoma schottiana Mart. in the gallery forest in Central Brazil]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Brasileira de Botânica]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>31</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>433-42</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B57">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schoen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Johnson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. T. J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wright]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. I]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The ecology, evolution, and genetics of plant reproductive systems]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[New Phytologist]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>224</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>999-1004</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B58">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stevenson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Seed dispersal by woolly monkeys (Lagothrix lagothricha) at Tinigua National Park, Colombia: Dispersal distance, germination rates, and dispersal quantity]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[American Journal of Primatology]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>50</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>275-89</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B59">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sun]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tian]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Q]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[An]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Pollen limitation, reproductive success and flowering frequency in single-flowered plants]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Ecology]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>106</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>19-30</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B60">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Terborgh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Community aspects of frugivory in tropical forests]]></source>
<year>1986</year>
<page-range>371-84</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Dordrecht, The Netherlands ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Springer]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B61">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vogado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N. O]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liddell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Laurance]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. G. W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Campbell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cheesman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Engert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Palma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ishida]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F. Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cernusak]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The effects of an experimental drought on the ecophysiology and fruiting phenology of a tropical rainforest palm]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Plant Ecology]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>744-53</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B62">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wright]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Calderon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Phylogenetic Patterns among Tropical Flowering Phenologies]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Journal of Ecology]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<volume>83</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B63">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zimmerman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wright]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Calderón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pagan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Paton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Flowering and fruiting phenologies of seasonal and aseasonal neotropical forests: the role of annual changes in irradiance]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Tropical Ecology]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>231-51</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B64">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shrestha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ahmad]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nabi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Climate change impacts flowering phenology in Gongga Mountains, Southwest China]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Plant Diversity]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>46</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>774-82</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
