<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0187-6961</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Estudios fronterizos]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Estud. front]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0187-6961</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Autónoma de Baja California]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0187-69612025000100103</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21670/ref.2503161</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Proximal transnationalism and identities within the border between Brazil and Paraguay]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Transnacionalismo próximo e identidades en la frontera entre Brasil y Paraguay]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Estrada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Marcos]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,University of Warwick Institute of Advanced Study ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Coventry ]]></addr-line>
<country>United Kingdom</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>26</volume>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0187-69612025000100103&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0187-69612025000100103&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0187-69612025000100103&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract: The central objective of this article is to analyze transnational practices within border regions. The theoretical analysis focuses on the participation of rural workers, including members of the Landless Rural Workers&#8217; Movement (MST), in transnational activities on the border between Brazil and Paraguay. Based on the cross-border experience of rural workers&#8217; relations, part of a longitudinal study starting in 2012, with annual/bi-annual visits culminating in the final fieldwork in 2024, this article argues that geographical proximity and the search for a piece of land for subsistence have an essential role in cross-border transnationalism between Brazil and Paraguay. Based on own studies, defining transnationalism within border regions as proximal transnationalism is proposed. This case study also demonstrates how the participation of this group in transnationalism, encompassing agrarian issues in both countries, contributes to the formation of Brasiguaio identity (Brazilian + Paraguayan).]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: El objetivo central de este artículo es analizar prácticas transnacionales en regiones transfronterizas. El análisis teórico se enfoca en la participación de trabajadores rurales, incluidos miembros del Movimiento de los trabajadores rurales sin tierra (MST), en actividades transnacionales en la frontera entre Brasil y Paraguay. Basado en las experiencias transfronterizas de las relaciones de trabajadores rurales, parte de un estudio longitudinal iniciado en 2012 con visitas anuales/bianuales que culminaron con el trabajo de campo en 2024, este artículo argumenta que la proximidad geográfica y la búsqueda por un pedazo de tierra para la subsistencia tienen un rol esencial en el transnacionalismo fronterizo entre Brasil y Paraguay. Con base en estudios propios, se propone definir transnacionalismo abarcando zonas fronterizas como transnacionalismo próximo. Este caso de estudio también demuestra cómo la participación de este grupo en transnacionalismo, que abarca cuestiones agrarias en ambos países, contribuye para la formación de la identidad brasiguaya (brasileña + paraguaya).]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[borders]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[migration]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[transnationalism]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Brazil]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Paraguay]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[frontera]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[migración]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[transnacionalismo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Brasil]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Paraguay]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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