<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0187-6961</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Estudios fronterizos]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Estud. front]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0187-6961</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Autónoma de Baja California]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0187-69612023000100206</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21670/ref.2318129</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Contrabando y anomia social en la frontera entre Colombia y Venezuela]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Smuggling and social anomie on the border between Colombia and Venezuela]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Albornoz-Arias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Neida]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morffe Peraza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Miguel Ángel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Simón Bolívar Facultad de Administración y Negocios ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Cúcuta ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Católica del Táchira Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Políticas ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[San Cristóbal ]]></addr-line>
<country>Venezuela</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>24</volume>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0187-69612023000100206&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0187-69612023000100206&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0187-69612023000100206&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: Este estudio analizó la relación entre la percepción de un ambiente de ilegalidad y el comportamiento de las personas no basado en normas (anomia) en relación con el delito del contrabando en el departamento Norte de Santander (Colombia) y en el estado Táchira (Venezuela). Se analizaron datos recolectados durante el primer semestre de 2022, de dos muestras poblacionales: n=2 385 colombianos en el Departamento Norte de Santander y &#119899;=1 398 venezolanos en el estado Táchira. Se utilizó un contraste de hipótesis, las variables independientes son los grupos etarios y nivel educativo de los encuestados (jefes de hogar entre 18 y 69 años). Los resultados muestran la existencia del contrabando como una práctica socialmente aceptada por muchos ciudadanos aun siendo delito, que se ve acrecentado por el deterioro del intercambio comercial entre Venezuela y Colombia, el cierre unilateral de los pasos fronterizos y el deterioro de la calidad de vida de los ciudadanos.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract: This study analyzed the relationship between the perception of an environment of illegality and people&#8217;s non-normative behavior (anomie) regarding the crime of smuggling in the Department of Norte de Santander (Colombia) and in the State of Táchira (Venezuela). Data collected during the first half of 2022 from two population samples were analyzed: &#119899;=2 385 persons in the Department of Norte de Santander and &#119899;=1 398 persons in the State of Táchira. A hypothesis test was used, with the independent variables being the respondents&#8217; age groups and educational level (heads of household between 18 and 69 years old). The results show the existence of smuggling as a practice socially accepted by many citizens even though it is a crime, which is increased by the deterioration of commercial exchange between Venezuela and Colombia, the unilateral closing of border crossings, and therefore the deterioration of the quality of life of citizens.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[anomia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[contrabando]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[frontera]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[violencia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[exclusión social]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[anomie]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[smuggling]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[border]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[violence]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[social exclusion]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Albornoz Arias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gallardo Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mazuera Arias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Numa Sanjuán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Orbegoso Reyes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramírez Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez Truzman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Torres Parada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Análisis del contrabando en el Norte de Santander, desde la percepción de los constructos de la institucionalidad]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Albornoz-Arias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mazuera-Arias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Millán-Vázquez de la Torre]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Briceño-León]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Los pactos sociales y el contrabando en la frontera colombo-venezolana]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Convergencia Revista de Ciencias Sociales]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<numero>81</numero>
<issue>81</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Albornoz-Arias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruscheinsky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mazuera-Arias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ortiz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Conflictos en la frontera, los derechos y las políticas de un pacto social]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Sociedade e Estado]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>34</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>403-28</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Albornoz Arias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Contrabando y conflictividad social en la frontera Táchira Norte de Santander]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Aldea Mundo]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<numero>42</numero>
<issue>42</issue>
<page-range>59-65</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Albornoz Arias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mazuera Arias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Percepción de habitantes del Norte de Santander sobre limitaciones del buen gobierno]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Venezolana de Gerencia]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<numero>75</numero>
<issue>75</issue>
<page-range>427-45</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Albornoz Arias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mazuera Arias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramírez Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Contreras Velázquez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Causas del contrabando en la frontera Norte de Santander-Táchira: una mirada de sus habitantes]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Albornoz Arias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramírez París Colmenares]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Contreras Velásquez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Espinosa Castro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Estudios latinoamericanos transfronterizos y desarrollo de capacidades humanas]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<page-range>17-45</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Simón Bolivar]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Avila Rivera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Negotiating the Colombian border: Venezuelan migrant women&#8217;s survival in Cúcuta]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[International Institute of Social Studies]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baumer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gustafson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Social organization and instrumental crime: assessing the empirical validity of classic and contemporary anomie theories]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Criminology]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>45</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>617-63</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bradshaw]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Linares de Gómez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Fronteras: una visión teórica en el periodo contemporáneo]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Aldea Mundo]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
<page-range>14-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Briceño-León]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Ciudades de vida y muerte: la ciudad y el pacto social para la contención de la violencia]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial Alfa]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Briceño-León]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Camardiel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Delito organizado, mercados ilegales y democracia en Venezuela]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial Alfa]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bustamante]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Subnacionalismo en la frontera. Caso Táchira (Venezuela)-Norte de Santander (Colombia)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Territorios]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<numero>10-11</numero>
<issue>10-11</issue>
<page-range>127-44</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bustamante]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La frontera colombo-venezolana: de la conflictividad limítrofe a la global]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carrión M.]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Espín M.]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Relaciones fronterizas: encuentros y conflictos]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<page-range>203-21</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Flacso Ecuador/IDRC-CRDI]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bustamante]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Dos aspectos del retroceso venezolano en su visión de frontera: población afectada por el cierre del paso del Táchira hacia el Norte de Santander y la Ley Orgánica de Fronteras]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Aldea Mundo]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<numero>48</numero>
<issue>48</issue>
<page-range>93-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Cámara de Comercio de Cúcuta (CCC)</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Informe de gestión 2018]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Cámara de Integración Económica Venezolano Colombiana (Cavecol)</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Informe intercambio comercial entre Venezuela y Colombia]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carrión]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Espín]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La geografía del delito en la lógica de la frontera]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carrión M.]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Espín M.]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Relaciones fronterizas: encuentros y conflictos]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<page-range>9-20</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Flacso Ecuador/IDRC-CRDI]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carrión M.]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[En el límite de la vida: &#8220;la violencia fronteriza&#8221;]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carrión M.]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Espín M.]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Relaciones fronterizas: encuentros y conflictos]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<page-range>77-117</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Flacso Ecuador/IDRC-CRDI]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cavalier Adarve]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García Villegas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Los Pimpineros]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García Villegas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Normas de papel. La cultura del incumplimiento de reglas]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<page-range>167-76</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Siglo del Hombre Editores]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dahrendorf]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ortiz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El conflicto social moderno]]></source>
<year>1990</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Biblioteca Mondadori]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadísticas (DANE)</collab>
<source><![CDATA[ICER. Informe de Coyuntura Económica Regional]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Dirección de Impuestos y Aduanas Nacionales (DIAN)</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Informe de recaudo, lucha contra la evasión y el contrabando]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dorfman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Contrabando: pasar es la respuesta a la existencia de una frontera, burlar es el acto simétrico al control]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Aldea Mundo]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>39</numero>
<issue>39</issue>
<page-range>33-44</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dorfman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Geografía moral del contrabando: una mirada desde las fronteras meridionales de Brasil]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Donde el pedernal choca con el acero. Hacia una teoría crítica de las fronteras latinoamericanas]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<page-range>155-74</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[RIL editores/Universidad Arturo Pra]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Durkheim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Le suicide]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Presses Universitaires de France]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Durkheim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Les formes élémentaires de la vie religieuse]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Presses Universitaires de France]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Durkheim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[De la división du travail social]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Presses Universitaires de France]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[En Cúcuta la Policía Fiscal y Aduanera aprehendió más 157 mil unidades de mercancías de contrabando]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Featherstone]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Deflem]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Anomie and strain: context and consequences of Merton&#8217;s two theories]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Sociological Inquiry]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>73</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>471-89</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gallien]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Weigand]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Channeling contraband: how states shape international smuggling routes]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Security Studies]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>79-106</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García Pinzón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mantilla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Contested borders: organized crime, governance, and bordering practices in Colombia-Venezuela borderlands]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Trends in Organized Crime]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>265-81</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Giddens]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Sociología]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Alianza Editorial]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González Palma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Perspectiva sociológica del contrabando de combustible en la frontera colombo-venezolana]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Derecho &amp; Sociedad]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>53-69</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González-Plazas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Pasado y presente del contrabando en La Guajira aproximaciones al fenómeno de ilegalidad en la región]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial Universidad del Rosario]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[4 cambios que conlleva para Venezuela y Colombia la reapertura de su frontera común. BBC]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández Hernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Flujos, contrabando y prácticas de ilegalidad en la frontera México-Estados Unidos: cruces fronterizos entre Tijuana y San Diego]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Estudios Fronterizos]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<numero>e077</numero>
<issue>e077</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Idler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Borderland battles: violence, crime, and governance at the edges of Colombia&#8217;s War]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Oxford Academic]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jancsics]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Law enforcement corruption along the U.S. borders]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Security Journal]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>34</volume>
<page-range>26-46</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tajima]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Smuggling and border enforcement]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Organization]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>76</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>830-67</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kolossov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Border studies: changing perspectives and theoretical approaches]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Geopolitics]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>606-32</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López Fernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El concepto de anomia de Durkheim y las aportaciones teóricas posteriores]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Iberofórum. Revista de Ciencias Sociales]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>130-47</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez Herrera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Contrabando, narcomenudeo y explotación sexual en Pereira, Colombia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Mexicana de Sociología]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>79</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>459-86</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mazuera-Arias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Albornoz-Arias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Biasoli-Alves]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ortiz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Corrupción y contrabando en la frontera Norte de Santander (Colombia) y Táchira (Venezuela)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de Ciencias Sociales]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<page-range>170-86</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Merton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Teoría y estructuras sociales]]></source>
<year>1980</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Fondo de Cultura Económica]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Messner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rosenfeld]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Political restraint of the market and levels of criminal homicide: a cross-national application of institutional-anomie theory]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Social Forces]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>75</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>1393-416</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Messner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rosenfeld]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Crime and the American dream]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<edition>4a. ed.</edition>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Thomson-Wadsworth]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Ministerio de Comercio, Industria y Turismo de Colombia (Mincit)</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Estadísticas de intercambio comercial (entre Colombia y Venezuela)]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B48">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morffe Peraza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. Á.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El riesgo percibido sobre la seguridad ciudadana en la frontera Táchira-Norte de Santander]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Aldea Mundo]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<numero>38</numero>
<issue>38</issue>
<page-range>9-18</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B49">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Muratori]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Delfino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zubieta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Percepción de anomia, confianza y bienestar: la mirada desde la psicología social]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de Psicología (PUCP)]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>31</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>129-50</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B50">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Newman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Revisiting good fences and neighbours in a postmodern world after twenty years: theoretical reflections on the state of contemporary border studies]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nordia Geographical Publications]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>44</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>13-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B51">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nikooy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hajatnia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sotoudeh Foumani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mohammadi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Assessment of the log smuggling causes in Caspian forests, north of Iran]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>243-51</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B52">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Un país al margen de la ley]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial Ariel]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B53">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Niño]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Camargo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cañizales]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El contrabando de gasolina desde Táchira]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ávila]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La frontera caliente entre Colombia y Venezuela]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<page-range>327-30</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Corporación Nuevo Arco Iris]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B54">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oliveros]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La integración en las fronteras andinas. Elementos de una propuesta para el estudio, clasificación y el diseño de cursos de acción en materia de integración y desarrollo fronterizo en los países de la Comunidad Andina]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Secretaría General de la Comunidad Andina]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B55">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Parales-Quenza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Anomia social y salud mental pública]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Salud Pública]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>658-66</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B56">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Preusse]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Consecuencias de la salida de Venezuela de la CAN y su entrada al Mercosur]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Drnas de Clément]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Mercosur y Unión Europea]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<page-range>181-98</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Lernet]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B57">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Raison]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Padres fundadores de la ciencia social]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial Anagrama]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B58">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramírez Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Interacciones de una subregión fronteriza]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mazuera Arias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Albornoz Arias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramírez Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morffe Peraza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. Á.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Norte de Santander y Táchira: más que un límite fronterizo, subjetividades construidas en el territorio]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<page-range>25-33</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B59">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ratti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schuler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Typologie des espaces-frontières à l&#8217;heure de la globalisation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Belgeo]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>1-18</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B60">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rawls]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Teoría de la justicia]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Fondo de Cultura Económica]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B61">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<collab>Redacción Economía</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[US$1.800 millones vale contrabando en frontera colombo-venezolana]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[El Nuevo Siglo]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B62">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reyes Morris]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Anomia y criminalidad: un recorrido a través del desarrollo conceptual del término anomia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Criminalidad]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>50</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>319-32</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B63">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rhi-Sausi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oddone]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Fronteras y cooperación transfronteriza en América Latina: introducción al Proyecto Fronteras Abiertas]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sausi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. L. Rhi]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Conato]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Cooperación transfronteriza e integración en América Latina]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<page-range>5-18</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[IILA-CeSPI]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B64">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sainz Borgo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La salida de Venezuela de la Comunidad Andina]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Politeia]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<numero>38</numero>
<issue>38</issue>
<page-range>127-50</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B65">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La frontera Táchira (Venezuela)-Norte de Santander (Colombia) en las relaciones binacionales y en la integración regional]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Si Somos Americanos, Revista de Estudios Transfronterizos]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>63-84</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B66">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bustamante]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Diagnóstico del sector carrocero en la Zona de Integración Fronteriza Táchira-Norte de Santander]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Aldea Mundo]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>25</numero>
<issue>25</issue>
<page-range>25-39</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B67">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez Jabba]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Crisis en la frontera]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Banco de la República de Colombia]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B68">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Suárez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Visión histórica de la frontera Norte de Santander-Táchira]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Interacción y perspectiva: Revista de Trabajo Social]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>221-35</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B69">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tablante]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tarre]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Estado delincuente. Cómo actúa la delincuencia organizada en Venezuela]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial Melvin]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B70">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tapia Ladino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González Gil]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Presentación. Fronteras, regiones fronterizas y migraciones. Entre apertura, integración y cierre]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tapia Ladino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González Gil]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Regiones fronterizas, migración y los desafíos para los Estados nacionales latinoamericanos]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<page-range>15-38</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Arturo Prat/RIL Editores]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B71">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Van Uhm]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Wildlife trafficking and criminogenic asymmetries in a globalised world]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[South]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brisman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Routledge international handbook of green criminology]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<page-range>529-42</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Routledge]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B72">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Waldmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El Estado anómico. Derecho, seguridad pública y vida cotidiana en América Latina]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Iberoamericana Vervuert]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B73">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Whitehead]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Los fines de la educación]]></source>
<year>1957</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Paidós]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B74">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Williams]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Illicit markets, weak states and violence: Iraq and Mexico]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Crime, Law and Social Change]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>52</volume>
<page-range>323-36</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B75">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zambrano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marotta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sosa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Contexto macroeconómico en Venezuela]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Freitez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Espejo de la crisis humanitaria venezolana. Encuesta Nacional de Condiciones de Vida 2017]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<page-range>17-26</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Católica Andrés Bello]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B76">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zapata-Barrero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferrer-Gallardo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Las fronteras en la época de la movilidad]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zapata-Barrero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferrer-Gallardo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Fronteras en movimiento. Migraciones hacia la Unión Europea en el contexto Mediterráneo]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<page-range>11-56</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Ediciones Bellaterra]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B77">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zieglel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Los señores del crimen. Las nuevas mafias contra la democracia]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial Planeta]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B78">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zuñiga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Tratando de entender la sociedad fronteriza: recorrido crítico de los estudios mexicanos sobre la cultura en la frontera México-Estados Unidos (1976-2000)]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salazar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Migraciones contemporáneas. Contribución al debate]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<page-range>69-84</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Corporación Andina de Fomento/CIDES-UMSA/Plural editores]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
