<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0187-6236</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Atmósfera]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Atmósfera]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0187-6236</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y Cambio Climático]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0187-62362025000100004</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20937/atm.53393</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Variability of the Atlantic Niño: Impacts on precipitation in the state of Maranhão, Brazil]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Furtado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Thalita Mirian Santos]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Assad]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luiz Paulo de Freitas]]></given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Parise]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Claudia Klose]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vasconcellos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Fernanda Cerqueira]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sancho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lívia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carpenedo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Camila Bertoletti]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barbosa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Wesley Lima]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Soares]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Laisa Alves Malheiros]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Institute of Geosciences Department of Meteorology]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Rio de Janeiro ]]></addr-line>
<country>Brazil</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Federal University of Maranhão Department of Oceanography and Limnology Laboratory for Climate Studies and Modeling (LACLIMA)]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Maranhão ]]></addr-line>
<country>Brazil</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Computational Methods in Engineering Laboratory ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Rio de Janeiro ]]></addr-line>
<country>Brazil</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Federal University of Paraná, Rua dos Funcionários Center for Studies on Climate Variability and Change (NUVEM) ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Paraná ]]></addr-line>
<country>Brazil</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,National Institute for Space Research (INPE) Earth Observation and Geoinformatics Division (DIOTG) Ocean and Atmosphere Studies Laboratory (LOA)]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[São Paulo ]]></addr-line>
<country>Brasil</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>39</volume>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0187-62362025000100004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0187-62362025000100004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0187-62362025000100004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT The study analyzed the influence of the Atlantic Niño on precipitation anomalies in Maranhão from 1980 to 2020. Using the Atlantic Niño index, 20 events were identified, predominantly with 2- to 8-year scales. A significant reduction was noted from the 2000s, likely due to the weakening of the Bjerknes feedback and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation. However, events in 2019 and 2021 suggested that the negative phase of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation may have contributed to the reactivation of the Atlantic Niño after 19 inactive years. The negative early termination event was &#8220;non-canonical&#8221;, with positive sea surface temperature anomalies in the North Tropical Atlantic and positive east winds. A relationship was found between the Atlantic Niño and the Atlantic Meridional Mode, influencing elements like sea surface temperature and interhemispheric winds, which in turn affected precipitation patterns in Maranhão. These findings highlight the complex climate interactions in the region, emphasizing the need to consider multiple factors, including local and remote climate modes, for understanding precipitation variability. The study underscores the importance of continuous monitoring and research on the Atlantic Niño and the Atlantic Meridional Mode to anticipate impacts on rainfall volume and distribution in Maranhão, aiding regional strategic planning.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN Este estudio analizó la influencia del Niño del Atlántico en las anomalías de precipitación en Maranhão durante el periodo 1980-2020. Utilizando el índice del Niño del Atlántico se identificaron 20 eventos, predominantemente con escalas de dos a ocho años. Se observó una reducción significativa a partir del 2000, posiblemente debido al debilitamiento de la retroalimentación de Bjerknes y a la Oscilación Multidecadal del Atlántico (AMO). Sin embargo, los eventos de 2019 y 2021 sugieren que la fase negativa de la AMO podría haber contribuido a la reactivación del Niño del Atlántico después de 19 años de inactividad. El evento de terminación temprana negativa se consideró &#8220;no canónico&#8221;, con anomalías positivas de la temperatura superficial del mar (TSM) en el Atlántico Tropical Norte y vientos positivos del este. Se identificó una relación entre el Niño del Atlántico y el Modo Meridional del Atlántico (MMA) que influyó en elementos como la TSM y los vientos interhemisféricos, que, a su vez, impactaron los patrones de precipitación en Maranhão. Estos hallazgos destacan las complejas interacciones climáticas en la región y enfatizan la necesidad de considerar múltiples factores, incluidos los modos climáticos locales y remotos, para comprender la variabilidad de la precipitación. El estudio resalta la importancia del monitoreo continuo y la investigación sobre el Niño del Atlántico y el MMA para anticipar impactos en el volumen y la distribución de las lluvias en Maranhão, ayudando en la planificación estratégica regional.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[climate variability]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Atlantic Meridional Mode]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[precipitation anomalies]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Bjerknes feedback]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Andreoli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RV]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kayano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MT]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Evolution of the equatorial and dipole modes of the sea-surface temperature in the Tropical Atlantic at decadal scale]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>83</volume>
<page-range>277-85</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bolfe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ÉL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Victória]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Contini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bayma-Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Spinelli-Araujo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gomes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Matopiba em crescimento agrícola. Aspectos territoriais e socioeconômicos]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de Política Agrícola]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<page-range>38-62</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Campos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EJD]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[O papel do oceano nas mudanças climáticas globais]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Universidade de São Paulo]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>103</volume>
<page-range>55-66</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saravanan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ji]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Seidel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The cause of the fragile relationship between the Pacific El Niño and the Atlantic Niño]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nature]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>443</volume>
<page-range>324-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chiang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JCH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kushnir]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zebiak]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SE]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Interdecadal changes in eastern Pacific ITCZ variability and its influence on the Atlantic ITCZ]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Geophysical Research Letters]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<page-range>3687-90</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chiang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JCH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kushnir]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Giannini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Deconstructing Atlantic Intertropical Convergence Zone variability: Influence of the local cross-equatorial sea surface temperature gradient and remote forcing from the eastern equatorial Pacific]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>107</volume>
<page-range>3-19</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chiang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JCH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vimont]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Analogous Pacific and Atlantic meridional modes of tropical atmosphere-ocean variability]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Climate]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<page-range>4143-58</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Deppenmeier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AL]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Atlantic Niño weakens]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nature Climate Change]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<page-range>780-1</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dippe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lübbecke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Greatbatch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A comparison of the Atlantic and Pacific Bjerknes feedbacks: Seasonality, symmetry, and stationarity]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>124</volume>
<page-range>2374-403</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Folland]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Colman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rowell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Davey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MK]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Predictability of Northeast Brazil rainfall and real-time forecast skill]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Climate]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<page-range>1937-58</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Foltz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McPhaden]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Interaction between the Atlantic meridional and Niño modes]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Geophysical Research Letters]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>37</volume>
<page-range>L18604</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Foltz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brandt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Richter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez-Fonseca]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernandez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dengler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodrigues]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schmidt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JO]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lefevre]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Da Cunha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McPhaden]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Araujo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Karstensen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hahn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martín-Rey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Patricola]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Poli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zuidema]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hummels]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Perez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hatje]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lübbecke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Polo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lumpkin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bourlès]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Asuquo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lehodey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Conchon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dandin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schmid]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sutton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Giordani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xue]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Illig]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Losada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grodsky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gasparin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mohino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nobre]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wanninkhof]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Keenlyside]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garcon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez-Gómez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nnamchi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Drévillon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Storto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Remy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lazar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Speich]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Goes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dorrington]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Johns]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moum]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JN]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Robinson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Perruche]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de Souza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gaye]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AT]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López-Parages]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Monerie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castellanos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Benson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NU]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hounkonnou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MN]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Duhá]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JT]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Laxenaire]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reul]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Tropical Atlantic observing system]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Frontiers in Marine Science]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<page-range>206</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Giannini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saravanan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Oceanic forcing of Sahel rainfall on interannual to interdecadal time scales]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Science]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>302</volume>
<page-range>1027-30</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hastenrath]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Heller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Dynamics of climatic hazards in northeast Brazil]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society]]></source>
<year>1977</year>
<volume>103</volume>
<page-range>77-92</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hastenrath]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Circulation and teleconnection mechanisms of Northeast Brazil droughts]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Progress in Oceanography]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>70</volume>
<page-range>407-15</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hersbach]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Berrisford]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hirahara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Horányi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Muñoz-Sabater]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nicolas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peubey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Radu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schepers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Simmons]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Soci]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abdalla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abellan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Balsamo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bechtold]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Biavati]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bidlot]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bonavita]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Chiara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dahlgren]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Diamantakis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dragani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Flemming]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Forbes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fuentes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Geer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Haimberger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Healy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hogan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hólm]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Janisková]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Keeley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Laloyaux]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lopez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lupu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Radnoti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de Rosnay]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rozum]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vamborg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Villaume]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thépaut]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JN]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The ERA5 global reanalysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>146</volume>
<page-range>1999-2049</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hirst]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hastenrath]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Atmosphere-ocean mechanisms of climate anomalies in the Angola-Tropical Atlantic sector]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Physical Oceanography]]></source>
<year>1983</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<page-range>1146-57</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hounsou-Gbo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Servain]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Araujo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Caniaux]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bourlès]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fontenele]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ESPR]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[SST indexes in the Tropical South Atlantic for forecasting rainy seasons in Northeast Brazil]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Atmosphere]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<page-range>335</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Long]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shih]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zheng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Q]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tung]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HH]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The empirical mode decomposition and the Hilbert spectrum for nonlinear and non-stationary time series analysis. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Series A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>454</volume>
<page-range>903-95</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Keenlyside]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Latif]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Understanding equatorial Atlantic interannual variability]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Climate]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<page-range>131-42</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kushnir]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Robinson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Robertson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AW]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The physical basis for predicting Atlantic sector seasonal-to-interannual climate variability]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Climate]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<page-range>5949-70</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Loayza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ACV]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[dos Reis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MVS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de Jesus]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ipolito]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ALM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ribeiro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[IG]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Evolução dos indicadores da produção de soja no Matopiba]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Observatório de la Economía Latinoamericana]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<page-range>27824-45</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Losada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez-Fonseca]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Janicot]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gervois]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chauvin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A multi-model approach to the Atlantic Equatorial mode: Impact on the West African monsoon]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Climate Dynamics]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>35</volume>
<page-range>29-43</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lübbecke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mcphaden]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A comparative stability analysis of Atlantic and Pacific Niño modes]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Climate]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<page-range>5965-80</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lübbecke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Burls]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reason]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CJC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McPhaden]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Variability in the South Atlantic anticyclone and the Atlantic Niño mode]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Climate]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<page-range>8135-50</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lübbecke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McPhaden]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Symmetry of the Atlantic Niño mode]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Geophysical Research Letters]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>44</volume>
<page-range>965-73</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lübbecke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez-Fonseca]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Richter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martín-Rey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Losada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Polo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Keenlyside]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NS]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Equatorial Atlantic variability-Modes, mechanisms, and global teleconnections]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Climate Change]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>9</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alves]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Macau]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EEN]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Taschetto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santoso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kurths]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Phase coherence between surrounding oceans enhances precipitation shortages in Northeast Brazil]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Geophysical Research Letters]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>49</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marengo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Torres]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alves]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Drought in Northeast Brazil-Past, present, and future]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Theoretical and Applied Climatology]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>129</volume>
<page-range>1189-200</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martín-Rey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Polo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez-Fonseca]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Losada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lazar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Is there evidence of changes in Tropical Atlantic variability modes under AMO phases in the observational record?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Climate]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>31</volume>
<page-range>515-36</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martín-Rey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Polo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez-Fonseca]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lazar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Losada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ocean dynamics shapes the structure and timing of Atlantic equatorial modes]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>124</volume>
<page-range>7529-44</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Merle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fieux]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hisard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Annual signal and interannual anomalies of sea surface temperature in the eastern Equatorial Atlantic ocean]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Oceanography and Surface Layer Meteorology in the B/C Scale Gate]]></source>
<year>1980</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<page-range>77-101</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moron]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vautard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ghil]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Trends, interdecadal and interannual oscillations in global sea-surface temperatures]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Climate Dynamics]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<page-range>545-69</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moura]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shukla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[On the dynamics of droughts in northeast Brazil: Observations, theory and numerical experiments with a general circulation model]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Atmospheric Sciences]]></source>
<year>1981</year>
<volume>38</volume>
<page-range>2653-75</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Münnich]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Neelin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JD]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Seasonal Influence of ENSO on the Atlantic ITCZ and equatorial South America]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Geophysical Research Letters]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>32</volume>
<page-range>L21709</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Murtugudde]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ballabrera-Poy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Beauchamp]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Busalacchi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Relationship between zonal and meridional modes in the tropical Atlantic]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Geophysical Research Letters]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<page-range>4463-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nascimento]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FCA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Braga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Araújo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FRCD]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Análise estatística dos eventos secos e chuvosos de precipitação do estado do Maranhão]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Brasileira de Meteorologia]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>32</volume>
<page-range>375-86</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>NOAA</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Climate Prediction Center]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Oceanic Niño Index (ONI)]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>NUGEO</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Núcleo Geoambiental da Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, Laboratório de Meteorologia]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Okumura]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SP]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Interaction of the Atlantic Equatorial Cold Tongue and the African Monsoon]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Climate]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<page-range>3589-602</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Okumura]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SP]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Some overlooked features of Tropical Atlantic climate leading to a new Niño-Like phenomenon]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Climate]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<page-range>5859-74</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Philander]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SGH]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Unusual conditions in the tropical Atlantic Ocean in 1984]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nature]]></source>
<year>1984</year>
<volume>322</volume>
<page-range>236-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Plaut]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vautard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Spells of low-frequency oscillations and weather regimes in the Northern Hemisphere]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Atmospheric Sciences]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<volume>51</volume>
<page-range>210-36</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Prigent]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lübbecke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bayr]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Latif]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wengel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Weakened SST variability in the tropical Atlantic Ocean since 2000]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Climate Dynamics]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>54</volume>
<page-range>2731-44</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Richter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Behera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Masumoto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Taguchi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sasaki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yamagata]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Multiple causes of interannual sea surface temperature variability in the Equatorial Atlantic Ocean]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nature Geoscience]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<page-range>43-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Richter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Behera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Doi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Taguchi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Masumoto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SP]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[What controls Equatorial Atlantic winds in boreal spring?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Climate Dynamics]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>43</volume>
<page-range>3091-104</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Richter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tokinaga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Atlantic zonal mode: Dynamics, thermodynamics, and teleconnections. Chap. 7]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Behera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SK]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Tropical and extratropical air-sea interactions: Modes of climate variations]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<page-range>171-206</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Elsevier]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B48">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Richter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tokinaga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Okumura]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[YM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The extraordinary Equatorial Atlantic warming in late 2019]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Geophysical Research Letters]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>49</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B49">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodrigues]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Haarsma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Campos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EJD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ambrizzi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The impacts of inter-El Niño variability on the Tropical Atlantic and Northeast Brazil climate]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Climate]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<page-range>3402-22</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B50">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruiz-Barradas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nigam]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Structure of interannual-to-decadal climate variability in the Tropical Atlantic sector]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Climate]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<page-range>3285-97</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B51">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sandwell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DT]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Biharmonic spline interpolation of GEOS-3 and SEASAT altimeter data]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Geophysical Research Letters]]></source>
<year>1987</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<page-range>139-42</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B52">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Servain]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Picaut]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Merle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Evidence of remote forcing in the Equatorial Atlantic Ocean]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Physical Oceanography]]></source>
<year>1982</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<page-range>457-63</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B53">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Servain]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Seva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[On relationships between tropical Atlantic sea surface temperature, wind stress and regional precipitation indices: 1964-1984]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ocean-Air Interactions]]></source>
<year>1987</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<page-range>183-90</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B54">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Servain]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wainer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McCreary]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dessier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Relationship between the equatorial and meridional modes of climatic variability in the Tropical Atlantic]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Geophysical Research Letters]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<page-range>485-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B55">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MN]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tereza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bezerra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pereira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eloi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CMA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ALS]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A seca no Maranhão no período de 2010 a 2016 e seus impactos]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Parcerias Estratégicas]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<page-range>119-38</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B56">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Soares]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LAM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Parise]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Machado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AMB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carpenedo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Furtado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TMS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barreto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HN]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lima]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sousa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HLS]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Influences of strong and moderate ENSO events on the Maranhão precipitation from the western Equatorial Atlantic SST anomalies]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ocean and Coastal Research]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>71</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B57">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tokinaga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Richter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kosaka]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[ENSO influence on the Atlantic Niño, revisited: Multi-year versus single-year ENSO events]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Climate]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>32</volume>
<page-range>4585-600</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B58">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Torralba]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez-Fonseca]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mohino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Losada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The non-stationary influence of the Atlantic and Pacific Niños on north eastern South American rainfall]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Frontiers in Earth Science]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<page-range>55</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B59">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Torrence]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Compo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GP]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A practical guide to wavelet analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>79</volume>
<page-range>61-78</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B60">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Utida]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cruz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Etourneau]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bouloubassi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schefuß]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vuille]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Novello]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[VF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Prado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sifeddine]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Klein]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zular]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Viana]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JCC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Turcq]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Tropical South Atlantic influence on Northeastern Brazil precipitation and ITCZ displacement during the past 2300 years]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Scientific Reports]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<page-range>1698</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B61">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vallès-Casanova]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Foltz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pelegrí]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JL]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[On the spatiotemporal diversity of Atlantic Niño and associated rainfall variability over West Africa and South America]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Geophysical Research Letters]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>47</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B62">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Three-ocean interactions and climate variability: A review and perspective]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Climate Dynamics]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>53</volume>
<page-range>5119-36</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B63">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[He]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Luo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Atlantic warming enhances the influence of Atlantic Niño on ENSO]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Geophysical Research Letters]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<volume>51</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B64">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Tropical Atlantic variability: Patterns, mechanisms, and impacts]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Earth&#8217;s climate: The ocean-atmosphere interaction]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<page-range>121-42</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Geophysical Monograph Series 147. Blackwell Publishing]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B65">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zebiak]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SE]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Air-sea interaction in the Equatorial Atlantic region]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Climate]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<page-range>1567-86</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B66">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Han]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Indian Ocean DIPOLE leads to Atlantic Niño]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nature Communications]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<page-range>5952</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B67">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Han]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[HU]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ZZ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Interbasin and multiple-time-scale interactions in generating the 2019 extreme Indian Ocean Dipole]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Climate]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>34</volume>
<page-range>4553-66</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
