<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0187-6236</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Atmósfera]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Atmósfera]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0187-6236</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y Cambio Climático]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0187-62362024000100023</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20937/atm.53274</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Small-scale variation of atmospheric dynamics applying chaos theory, case study]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Haro Velasteguí]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Arquímides]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lara Sinaluisa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jorge]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Perugachi Cahueñas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Nelly]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez Nogales]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo Facultad de Ciencias ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Cantón Riobamba Provincia Chimborazo]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo Facultad de Ingenierías ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Cantón Riobamba Provincia Chimborazo]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo Facultad de Administración de Empresas ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Cantón Riobamba Provincia Chimborazo]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo Facultad de Mecánica ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Cantón Riobamba Provincia Chimborazo]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>38</volume>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0187-62362024000100023&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0187-62362024000100023&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0187-62362024000100023&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT Characterization and knowledge of the variability of atmospheric dynamics on a small scale in the city of Riobamba, Ecuador, are achieved through the chaos theory. Meteorological data is taken every hour during four years, including variables such as wind speed, wind direction, incident radiation, temperature, and humidity, from the ESPOCH, SAN JUAN, and QUIMIAG weather stations in the canton of Riobamba. The van Ulden and Hostlang models are used to calculate the Obukhov length, surface heat fluxes, and latent heat flux. The chaos theory is applied to study the variation of atmospheric microdynamics. The Lyapunov coefficients, Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy, and Kaplan-Yorke fractal dimension are determined. Before analysis, noise reduction is necessary due to the lack of correlation, especially in the Obukhov length. This research follows a longitudinal design and employs quantitative and explanatory methods based on data analysis, statistical-mathematical techniques, and inductive-deductive approaches. The results indicate a highly variable system, reflected in a high number of Lyapunov coefficients, fractional dimensions, and entropy variations. The microdynamic parameters exhibit hyperchaotic behavior, as indicated by the presence of more than one positive Lyapunov coefficient. The variables also demonstrate a fractional fractal dimension, highlighting the irregularity in the geometric representation of the system.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN Se lograron la caracterización y el conocimiento de la variabilidad en la dinámica atmosférica a pequeña escala en la ciudad de Riobamba, Ecuador, mediante la aplicación de la teoría del caos. Se utilizaron datos meteorológicos obtenidos cada hora durante un periodo de cuatro años de las estaciones meteorológicas ESPOCH, SAN JUAN y QUIMIAG del cantón Riobamba, asociados a la velocidad y dirección del viento, nubosidad, temperatura y radiación solar incidente. Con los modelos de van Ulden y Hostlang se calcularon la longitud de Obukhov, flujos de calor superficial, el flujo de calor latente y la velocidad de fricción. Se aplicó la teoría del caos para estudiar variaciones en la microdinámica atmosférica. Se determinaron los coeficientes de Lyapunov, la entropía de Kolmogorov-Sinai y la dimensión fractal de Kolmogorov-Sinai. El diseño de la investigación fue longitudinal de tipo cuantitativo y explicativo, con base en análisis de datos y los métodos estadístico-matemáticos e inductivo deductivo. Los resultados indican un sistema altamente variable que se manifiesta en el alto número de coeficientes de Lyapunov, dimensiones fraccionarias y variaciones en la entropía, en cual los parámetros microdinámicos son hipercaóticos al existir más de un coeficiente positivo de Lyapunov. Las variables tienen dimensión fractal fraccionada, lo cual indica la irregularidad en la representación geométrica del sistema.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[atmospheric dynamics]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[surface heat flux]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Obukhov length]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Lyapunov coefficients]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[chaos theory]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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