<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0187-6236</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Atmósfera]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Atmósfera]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0187-6236</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y Cambio Climático]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0187-62362023000100077</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20937/atm.53028</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Connecting heavy precipitation events to outgoing long wave radiation variability scales: Case analysis in Brazil]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Müller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gabriela V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fernandes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Valesca R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Argentina</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional del Litoral  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Santa Fe ]]></addr-line>
<country>Argentina</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro Nacional de Monitoramento e Alertas de Desastres Naturais  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[São Paulo ]]></addr-line>
<country>Brasil</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>36</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>77</fpage>
<lpage>90</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0187-62362023000100077&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0187-62362023000100077&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0187-62362023000100077&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT Spatial fields of outgoing long wave radiation (OLR) spectrum variance of the 1979-2016 austral summer months in southern Brazil are analyzed on different timescales: synoptic, sub-monthly, and intra-seasonal. Variability fields differ both in intensity and location and highlight dominant convection cycles in the study area. The results show that the amplitude of sub-monthly variability is greater than that of the other scales in the southeastern region of Brazil, while the synoptic scale prevails in the southern region. The above-mentioned scales show greater amplitudes over the western Pacific Ocean where the Madden-Julian Oscillation plays an important role, along the South Pacific Convergence Zone, and over the storm track areas over the South Pacific Ocean. The influence of spectral OLR scale interaction is also analyzed, associated to the occurrence of two intense rainfall events over the southeastern Brazil in the austral summers of 2011 and 2014 when the South Atlantic Convergence Zone (SACZ) was active in both events. The results obtained suggest that spectral OLR scale interaction takes place in such way that it strengthens the SACZ, since the spatial pattern footprints of the two to eight-day timescale (synoptic), 10 to 30-day timescale (sub-monthly) and 30 to 60-day timescale (intra-seasonal) overlap in the study region.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN Se analizan los campos espaciales de la varianza del espectro de radiación de onda larga saliente (OLR, por su sigla en inglés) durante los meses del verano austral 1979-2016 en el sur de Brasil, para diferentes escalas de tiempo: sinóptica, submensual e intraestacional. Los campos de variabilidad difieren tanto en intensidad como en ubicación y resaltan los ciclos de convección dominantes en el área de estudio. La amplitud de la variabilidad submensual es mayor que la de las otras escalas en la región sudeste de Brasil, mientras que la escala sinóptica prevalece en la región sur. Las escalas mencionadas anteriormente muestran mayores amplitudes sobre el Océano Pacífico occidental donde la Oscilación Madden-Julian juega un papel importante, a lo largo de la Zona de Convergencia del Pacífico Sur y sobre las áreas de trayectoria de tormentas sobre el Océano Pacífico sur. También se analiza la influencia de la interacción espectral de OLR asociada con la ocurrencia de dos eventos de lluvia intensa en el sudeste de Brasil en los veranos de 2011 y 2014, cuando la Zona de Convergencia del Atlántico Sur (SACZ) estuvo activa en ambos eventos. Los resultados obtenidos sugieren que la interacción entre escalas espectrales de OLR tiene lugar de forma tal que fortalece la SACZ, ya que los patrones espaciales de la escala temporal de dos a ocho días (sinóptica), la escala temporal de 10 a 30 días (submensual) y la escala temporal de 30 a 60 días (intraestacional), se superponen en la región de estudio.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[extreme event]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[scale interaction]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[outgoing longwave radiation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[austral summer]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Álvarez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kiladis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GN]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liebmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Influence of the Madden-Julian oscillation on precipitation and surface air temperature in South America]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Climate Dynamics]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>46</volume>
<page-range>245-62</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mak]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Symbiotic relation between planetary and synoptic-scale waves]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences]]></source>
<year>1990</year>
<volume>47</volume>
<page-range>2953-68</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Calvello]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[D&#8217;Orsi Neiva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Piciullo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Paes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Magalhaes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alvarenga Lacerda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Rio de Janeiro early warning system for rainfall-induced landslides: Analysis of performance for the years 2010-2013]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<page-range>3-15</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carvalho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LMV]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jones]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liebmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Extreme precipitation events in southeastern South America and large-scale convective patterns in the South Atlantic convergence zone]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Climate]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<page-range>2377-94</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carvalho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LMV]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jones]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liebmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The South Atlantic convergence zone: Intensity, form, persistence, and relationships with intraseasonal to interannual activity and extreme rainfall]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Climate]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<page-range>88-108</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Casarin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kousky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[VE]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Anomalias de precipitação no sul do Brasil e variações na circulação atmosférica]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Brasileira de Meteorologia]]></source>
<year>1986</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<page-range>83-90</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cavalcante]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MRG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barcellos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PCL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cataldi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Flash flood in the mountainous region of Rio de Janeiro state (Brazil) in 2011. Part I: Calibration watershed through hydrological SMAP model]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Natural Hazards]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>102</volume>
<page-range>1117-34</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cavalcanti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[IFA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferreira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Justi da Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MGA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silva Dias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MAF]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Tempo e clima no Brasil]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<edition>1a</edition>
<page-range>463</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[São Paulo ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Oficina de Textos]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[Climánalise boletim]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cuff]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Interaction between the low and high frequency transients in the Southern Hemisphere winter circulation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Tellus]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<volume>47</volume>
<page-range>331-50</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cunningham]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cavalcanti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[IFA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Intraseasonal modes of variability affecting the South Atlantic convergence zone]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Climatology]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<page-range>1165-80</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Daubechies]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Ten lectures on wavelets]]></source>
<year>1992</year>
<page-range>357</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Philadelphia ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Escobar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GCJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Síntese sinótica dezembro de 2014]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[CPTEC/INPE]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Foufoula-Georgiou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kumar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Wavelets in geophysics]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[San Diego ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Academic Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PLM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CS]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Summer precipitation variability over South America on long and short intraseasonal timescales]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Climate Dynamics]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>43</volume>
<page-range>1993-2007</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Philander]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SGH]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Secular changes of annual and interannual variability in the tropics during the past century]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Climate]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<page-range>864-76</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hirata]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Intraseasonal variability of summer convection over South America]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Georgia Institute of Technology]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Infoclima</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Sistemas meteorológicos e eventos de destaque no Brasil em janeiro de 2011]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Boletim de Informações Climáticas do CPTEC/INPE]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>INMET</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Normais climatológicas do Brazil, 1961-1990]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Brasília, DF ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kodama]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[YM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Large-scale common features of subtropical precipitation zones (the Baiu frontal zone, the SPCZ, and the SACZ). Part I: Characteristics of subtropical frontal zones]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan]]></source>
<year>1992</year>
<volume>70</volume>
<page-range>813-35</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kousky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[VE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Upper tropospheric cyclonic vortices in the tropical South Atlantic]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Tellus]]></source>
<year>1981</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<page-range>538-51</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liebmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Smith]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Description of a complete (interpolated) outgoing longwave radiation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<volume>77</volume>
<page-range>1275-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liebmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kiladis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GN]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marengo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ambrizzi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Submonthly convective variability over South America and the South Atlantic convergence zone]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Climate]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<page-range>1877-91</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Madden]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Julian]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PR]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Detection of a 40-50-day oscillation in the zonal wind in the tropical Pacific]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences]]></source>
<year>1971</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<page-range>702-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Madden]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Julian]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PR]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Description of global-scale circulation cells in the tropics with a 40-50-day period]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences]]></source>
<year>1972</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<page-range>1109-23</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Netto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ALC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sato]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Avelar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vianna]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LGG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Araújo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[IS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferreira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DLC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lima]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[APA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RP]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[January 2011: The Extreme Landslide Disaster in Brazil]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Margottini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Canuti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sassa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Landslide science and practice]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Berlin-Heidelberg ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Springer]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nogués-Paegle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KC]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Alternating wet and dry conditions over South America during summer]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Monthly Weather Review]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>125</volume>
<page-range>279-91</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ottero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chargel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LT]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Massera da Hora]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MAG]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Análise de frequência dos dados pluviométricos observados em 2011 e 2013 na Região Serrana, Estado do Rio de Janeiro]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Brasileira de Meteorologia]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<page-range>131-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pezzi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kayano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MT]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[An analysis of the seasonal precipitation forecasts in South America using wavelets]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Climatology]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<page-range>1560-73</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quadro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MFL]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Estudo de episódios de Zona de Convergência do Atlântico Sul (ZCAS) sobre a América do Sul]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Brazil ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reboita]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rocha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ambrizzi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Precipitation regimes in South America: A bibliographic review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Brazilian Journal of Meteorology]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<page-range>185-200</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodrigues-Alcantara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Souza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silva Dias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MAF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Biezato]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Influência dos jatos em médios e baixos níveis nos processos de nuvem: estudo numérico de uma linha de instabilidade amazônica]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Brasileira de Meteorologia]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<page-range>29-46</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nicolini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saulo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AC]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Chaco low-level jet events characterization during the austral summer season.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Geophysical Research]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>107</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nicolini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zipser]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mesoscale convective systems over southeastern South American low-level jet]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Monthly Weather Review]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>135</volume>
<page-range>1290-309</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moorthi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nadiga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tripp]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kistler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Woollen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Behringer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stokes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grumbine]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gayno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chuang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Juang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sela]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Iredell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Treadon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kleist]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Van Delst]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Keyser]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Derber]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ek]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wei]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lord]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[van den Dool]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kumar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Long]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chelliah]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xue]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schemm]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ebisuzaki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Higgins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Q]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Han]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cucurull]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reynolds]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rutledge]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Goldberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The NCEP Climate Forecast System Reanalysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>91</volume>
<page-range>1015-58</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moorthi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nadiga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tripp]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Behringer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chuang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Iredell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ek]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mendez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[van den Dool]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Q]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Becker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The NCEP Climate Forecast System version 2]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Climate]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<page-range>2185-208</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sandeep]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stordal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Use of daily outgoing long wave radiation (OLR) data in detecting precipitation extremes in the tropics]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Remote Sensing Letters]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<page-range>570-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sanches]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MB]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Análise sinótica da Zona de Convergência do Atlântico Sul (ZCAS) utilizando-se a técnica de composição]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Brazil ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Seluchi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ME]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saulo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AC]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Baixa do noroeste argentino e baixa do Chaco: Características, diferenças e semelhanças]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Brazilian Journal of Meteorology]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<page-range>49-60</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schneider]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Intra-seasonality in the south, southeast and midwest regions of Brazil during the winter months]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[University of São Paulo]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shimizu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ambrizzi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[MJO influence on ENSO effects in precipitation and temperature over South America]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Theoretical and Applied Climatology]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>35</volume>
<page-range>1-20</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Torrence]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Compo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GP]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A practical guide to wavelet analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>79</volume>
<page-range>61-78</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valadão]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carvalho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LMV]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lucio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chaves]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Impacts of the Madden-Julian oscillation on intraseasonal precipitation over Northeast Brazil]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Climatology]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>37</volume>
<page-range>1859-84</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vasconcelos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cavalcanti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[IFA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Evaluation of the eta regional model forecasts for two cases of intense rainfall over the Serra do Mar region]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Brasileira de Meteorologia]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<page-range>501-12</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Álvarez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PLM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liebmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kiladis]]></surname>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Seasonal cycle of precipitation variability in South America on intraseasonal timescales]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Climate Dynamics]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>51</volume>
<page-range>1991-2001</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vincent]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DG]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The South Pacific Convergence Zone (SPCZ): A review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Monthly Weather Review]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<volume>122</volume>
<page-range>1949-70</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vitorino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MI]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Análise das oscilações intrasazonais sobre a América do Sul e oceanos adjacentes utilizando a análise de ondaletas]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Brazil ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B48">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Weng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lau]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Wavelets, period doubling, and time frequency localization with application to organization of convection over the Tropical Western Pacific]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<volume>51</volume>
<page-range>2523-41</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
