<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0187-6236</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Atmósfera]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Atmósfera]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0187-6236</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y Cambio Climático]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0187-62362023000100041</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20937/atm.52858</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Surface shortwave cloud radiative effect of cumulus and stratocumulus-cumulus cloud types in the Caribbean area (Camagüey Cuba, 2010-2016)]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barja]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Boris]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rosas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jorge]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cachorro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Victoria Eugenia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Toledano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Antuña-Marrero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan Carlos]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Estevan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rene]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Frutos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ángel de]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Magallanes Laboratorio de Investigaciones Atmosféricas ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Punta Arenas ]]></addr-line>
<country>Chile</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro Meteorológico de Camagüey Grupo de Óptica Atmosférica de Camagüey ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Camagüey ]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Valladolid Facultad de Ciencias Departamento de Física Teórica, Atómica y Óptica]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Valladolid ]]></addr-line>
<country>Spain</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>36</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>41</fpage>
<lpage>56</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0187-62362023000100041&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0187-62362023000100041&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0187-62362023000100041&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT The effects of cumulus (Cu) clouds and the combination of stratocumulus-cumulus (Sc-Cu) clouds on solar radiation at the Earth&#8217;s surface were evaluated at Camagüey, Cuba, during a 6-yr period (from June 2010 to May 2016). Two methods to calculate the cloud radiative effect (CRE) were employed. The first method (CREm) uses solar irradiances in cloudy conditions from actinometric observations, where cloud information was also reported by visual observation. In the second method (CRE0) surface solar irradiances were estimated for both cloudy and clear sky conditions using a 1-D radiative transfer model, and cloud optical depth (COD) retrieved from an AERONET sun-photometer as the main input. A temporal correspondence criterion between COD retrievals and actinometric observations was performed in order to classify the COD of each cloud type. After the application of this criterion, the COD belonging to the optically thin clouds was removed. Finally, 255 and 732 COD observations for Cu and Sc-Cu, respectively, were found. Results show a statistically significant difference at the 95% confidence level between CRE calculated for Sc-Cu and Cu, using both methods. Mean values of CREm and CRE0 for Cu (Sc-Cu) were &#8722;442 (&#8722;390) and &#8722;460 (&#8722;417) Wm-2, respectively. CRE0 shows a linear relation with ln(COD), with stronger correlation at a lower solar zenith angle. The shortwave cloud effect efficiency (CEE) for the two cloud types sharply decreases with the increase of the COD value up to 20. For larger COD, the CEE is less sensitive to the increase of COD.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN Los efectos de las nubes tipo cúmulos (Cu) y de la combinación de los tipos estratocúmulos-cúmulos (Sc-Cu) sobre la radiación solar en la superficie terrestre de Camagüey, Cuba, fueron estudiados durante seis años (de junio de 2010 a mayo de 2016). El efecto radiativo de las nubes (CRE, por su sigla en inglés) fue calculado por dos métodos. El primero (CREm) utiliza valores de irradiancia solar medidos mediante observaciones actinométricas en condiciones de nubosidad, donde el tipo de nube es reportado de manera visual. En el segundo método (CRE0) se calculó la irradiancia solar en la superficie, tanto en casos de nubosidad como despejados, con un modelo de transferencia radiativa 1-D, utilizando como entrada principal los valores de espesor óptico de nubes (COD) obtenidos de un fotómetro solar de AERONET. Se aplicó un criterio de correspondencia temporal entre los valores de COD y las observaciones actinométricas, con el fin de clasificar los valores de COD por tipo de nube. Al aplicar este criterio, se eliminaron los COD pertenecientes a las nubes ópticamente finas. Finalmente, se seleccionaron 255 y 732 observaciones de COD para los tipos de nubes Cu y Sc-Cu, respectivamente. Los resultados muestran diferencias estadísticamente significativas al nivel de confianza del 95% entre la CRE para Sc-Cu y Cu, utilizando ambos métodos. Los valores medios de CREm y CRE0 para el tipo de nube Cu (Sc-Cu) fueron &#8722;442 (&#8722;390) y &#8722;460 (&#8722;417) Wm-2, respectivamente. La CRE0 muestra una relación lineal con ln(COD), siendo más fuerte a medida que disminuye el ángulo cenital solar. La eficiencia del efecto de las nubes (CEE) para Cu y Sc-Cu disminuye bruscamente con el aumento del valor de COD hasta 20, disminuyendo lentamente para valores mayores de COD.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[cloud effects on solar radiation (CRE) at surface]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[cloud optical depth (COD)]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[cumulus and stratocumulus]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[cloud effect efficiency (CEE)]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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