<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0187-6236</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Atmósfera]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Atmósfera]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0187-6236</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y Cambio Climático]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0187-62362022000200197</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20937/atm.52899</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[A momentum-balance theory for the updraft structure in density currents analogous to squall lines]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alfaro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Diego A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lezana]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Fernando]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Instituto de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y Cambio Climático ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Mexico City ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>35</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>197</fpage>
<lpage>220</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0187-62362022000200197&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0187-62362022000200197&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0187-62362022000200197&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT A momentum-balance theory for the orientation of updrafts in density currents is developed for understanding squall-line-shear interactions. The motivation arises from studies showing the diagnostic limitations of the vorticity-balance theory by Rotunno et al. (1988) (RKW theory) under varying shear profiles, together with the flow-force balance constraint (FFB) which determines the shear-layer depth in optimal density currents. Considering that the FFB is derived from the horizontal momentum equation, momentum-balance concepts are explored as an alternative to RKW theory, by assuming that the updraft&#8217;s slope is determined by the balance between advective tendencies of inflowing air and the work done by pressure perturbations within the denser fluid. Density currents were simulated under diverse shear and buoyancy profiles. Results show that momentum-balance effectively diagnoses the updraft&#8217;s slope at low and mid-levels in experiments contemplating both &#8220;classic&#8221; c-&#916;U variations, as well as changes to the shear and buoyancy vertical profiles. It is also found that cases with stronger system-relative inflow tend to produce deeper lifting of near-surface environmental air, notwithstanding the updraft&#8217;s slope. RKW theory&#8217;s quantitative criterion (c/&#916;U) is not as effective at diagnosing the updraft&#8217;s slope nor the depth reached by near-surface parcels, although c/&#916;U provides guidance for the updraft&#8217;s slope at upper levels. This result justifies a reinterpretation of c/&#916;U as a measure of the impacts of wind velocities aloft on the updraft.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN Se desarrolla una teoría de balance de momento para la orientación de corrientes ascendentes en corrientes de densidad con el fin de entender las interacciones entre cizalla y líneas de turbonada. La motivación surge de estudios mostrando las limitaciones diagnósticas de la teoría de balance de vorticidad de Rotunno et al. (1988) (teoría RKW) al variar los perfiles de cizalla, aunado a la restricción de balance de flujo-fuerza sobre la profundidad de ela capa de cizalla en corrientes de densidad óptimas. Considerando que el balance de flujo-fuerza se deriva de la ecuación de momento horizontal, conceptos de balance de momento son explorados como alternativa a la teoría RKW, donde la pendiente de la corriente ascendente está determinada por el balance entre tendencias advectivas del aire entrante y el trabajo hecho por perturbaciones de presión dentro del fluido más denso. Se simularon corrientes de densidad bajo diversos perfiles de cizalla y flotabilidad. Los resultados muestran que el balance de momento diagnostica acertadamente la pendiente de la corriente ascendente en los niveles bajos y medios en experimentos que contemplan tanto variaciones c-&#916;U «clásicas», así como cambios en los perfiles verticales de cizalla y flotabilidad. También se encuentra que casos con flujo relativo al sistema más intenso tienden a producir ascenso más profundo de aire ambiental cercano a la superficie, sin importar la pendiente de la corriente ascendente. El criterio cuantitativo de la teoría RKW (c/&#916;U) no es tan efectivo para diagnosticar la pendiente de la corriente ascendente, ni la profundidad alcanzada por parcelas originadas cerca de la superficie, aunque c/&#916;U provee una idea de la pendiente en niveles altos. Este resultado justifica la reinterpretación de c/&#916;U como una medida del impacto de velocidades de viento en lo alto de la corriente ascendente.]]></p></abstract>
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<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Rotunno-Klemp-Weisman (RKW) theory]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[linear squall lines]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[updraft vertical orientation]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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