<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0187-6236</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Atmósfera]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Atmósfera]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0187-6236</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y Cambio Climático]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0187-62362021000400503</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20937/atm.52840</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[A rare winter thunderstorm event near Hong Kong]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Pak Wai]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Kai Kwong]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Qiusheng]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hong Kong Observatory  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Kowloon Hong Kong]]></addr-line>
<country>China</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,City University of Hong Kong Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Kowloon Hong Kong]]></addr-line>
<country>China</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>34</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<fpage>503</fpage>
<lpage>515</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0187-62362021000400503&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0187-62362021000400503&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0187-62362021000400503&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT A rare winter thunderstorm event near Hong Kong is documented in this paper. The thunderstorm occurrence was confirmed by the observation of one of the authors and lightning location information systems (both regional and global). It developed over the frontal cloud band associated with the winter monsoon. Observing the upper air measurements, however, the thermodynamic conditions did not seem favorable to the occurrence of the thunderstorm. The convective available potential energy could not be determined in the cool and dry lower troposphere. There was only a moister layer in the middle troposphere. The weather forecaster did not anticipate the occurrence of thunder and lightning. However, some features could have changed dynamically, which suggested the possibility that a thunderstorm would take place. For instance, waves could be identified in the middle troposphere and a broad troughing flow could be analyzed in the lower troposphere. The integrated wave vapor was also of a rather high level. It is hoped that this paper can serve as a useful reference for forecasters in assessing the possibility of thunderstorms occurring during winter over subtropical latitudes in association with frontal cloud bands.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN En este trabajo se documenta una inusual tormenta eléctrica de verano ocurrida cerca de Hong Kong. La presencia de este fenómeno fue confirmada mediante observación por uno de los autores y por sistemas de información de localización de rayos, tanto locales como globales. Esta tormenta se desarrolló sobre el sistema frontal de nubes asociado con el monzón de invierno; sin embargo, las mediciones de altitud no mostraron condiciones termodinámicas favorables para la ocurrencia de una tormenta eléctrica. La energía potencial convectiva disponible no pudo determinarse en la troposfera inferior fría y seca. Sólo había una capa más húmeda en la troposfera media. El meteorólogo no pudo anticipar la aparición de truenos y relámpagos; no obstante, algunas condiciones pudieron haber cambiado dinámicamente y estos cambios podrían haber sugerido la posibilidad de una tormenta eléctrica. Por ejemplo, se pudieron identificar ondas en la troposfera media y en la troposfera baja se ubicó un amplio sistema de baja presión. Asimismo, se observó una onda integrada de vapor de alto nivel. Este trabajo busca servir a los meteorólogos como referencia útil para valorar la posibilidad de que ocurran tormentas eléctricas en latitudes subtropicales durante el invierno, asociadas con sistemas frontales de nubes.]]></p></abstract>
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<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[dual pole radar]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[NWP simulation]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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