<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0187-6236</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Atmósfera]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Atmósfera]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0187-6236</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y Cambio Climático]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0187-62362017000200087</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20937/atm.2017.30.02.02</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Economic growth and carbon dioxide emissions: An analysis of Latin America and the Caribbean]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jardón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Acel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kuik]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Onno]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tol]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Richard S.J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A a"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Institute for Environmental Studies ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>The Netherlands</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,University of Sussex Department of Economics ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Falmer ]]></addr-line>
<country>United Kingdom</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Institute for Environmental Studies and Department of Spatial Economics ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>The Netherlands</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Tinbergen Institute, Amsterdam  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>The Netherlands</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>30</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>87</fpage>
<lpage>100</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0187-62362017000200087&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0187-62362017000200087&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0187-62362017000200087&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT This paper analyzes the empirical relationship between carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions per-capita and economic growth in a panel of 20 Latin American and Caribbean countries over the period 1971-2011. This empirical relationship, known in the economic literature as the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis, suggests that the relationship between these variables, in the long run, follows an inverse U-shape, that is, from a certain level of per-capita income, an increased economic growth would be accompanied by improvements in environmental quality. Although this hypothesis has been studied since the 1990s, its empirical validity has recently been questioned on the basis of, among other things, the lack of diagnosis of the stationarity properties of the variables, and in a panel data context, the presence of cross-sectional dependence. Taking into account both criticisms, we use recent unit root tests and cointegration techniques that are robust to the presence of cross-sectional dependence. We find contradictory results depending on the assumption of cross-dependence. Under the assumption of cross-independence, the existence of an EKC with a realistic turning point is confirmed. However, this assumption is subsequently rejected, and because of the presence of cross-dependence in the panel, a long-run equilibrium relationship between the variables cannot be established, and we reject the existence of an EKC.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN En este trabajo se analiza la relación empírica entre las emisiones de dióxido de carbono (CO2) per cápita y el crecimiento económico en un panel de 20 países de América Latina y el Caribe durante el periodo 1971-2011. Dicha relación empírica, conocida en la literatura económica como la hipótesis de la curva de Kuznets ambiental (CKA), sugiere que la relación entre ambas variables tiene en el largo plazo una relación funcional en forma de U-invertida, es decir, a partir de cierto nivel de renta per cápita, un mayor crecimiento económico iría acompañado de mejoras en la calidad ambiental. Si bien esta hipótesis ha sido estudiada desde la década de 1990, recientemente su validez empírica ha sido cuestionada, entre otras cosas, por la falta de análisis de estacionariedad de las variables, y en un contexto de datos panel, la presencia de dependencia cruzada. Tomando en cuenta ambas críticas, empleamos novedosas pruebas de raíces unitarias y técnicas de cointegración robustas para la presencia de dependencia en el panel. Encontramos resultados contradictorios dependiendo del supuesto de dependencia cruzada entre los países. Bajo el supuesto de independencia cruzada, se confirma la existencia de una CKA con puntos de quiebre realistas. Sin embargo, dicho supuesto es rechazado posteriormente, concluyendo así que en presencia de dependencia cruzada en el panel, no se puede establecer una relación de equilibrio a largo plazo entre las variables, i.e., se rechaza la existencia de una CKA.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Environmental Kuznets Curve]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[panel data]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[unit root]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[cointegration]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[cross-section dependency]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Latin America and the Caribbean]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[carbon dioxide emissions]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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